RELATIVITY IN THE PERCEPTION OF EMOTION IN FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
RELATIVITY IN THE PERCEPTION OF EMOTION IN FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
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DOI：
10.1037/0096-3445.116.3.223
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发表时间：
1987-09-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
FEHR, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
RUSSELL, JA;FEHR, B
同样的面部表情会被视为表达不同类型和程度的情绪，这取决于其他面部表情。当一张相对中性的脸与一张更快乐的脸一起出现时，它会显得悲伤，而当一张更悲伤的脸与快乐的脸一起出现时，它会显得悲伤。当一张相对不开心的脸和一张更愤怒的脸在一起时，一张相对不开心的脸看起来很悲伤，而愤怒的脸和一张更悲伤的脸在一起时。通过结合人类判断是相对的这一思想和情感判断中隐含的尺度模型，可以预测在脸上看到的特定情感。在该模型中，描述情感的类别和维度以系统的方式相互关联：快乐、悲伤、平静和愤怒等类别描述符位于由快乐程度和唤醒程度定义的情感判断空间周围的特定位置。观察一个面部表情（一个锚）会改变整个判断的尺度，把在随后的表情（目标）中看到的情绪移到相反的方向。具体而言，（a）目标感知的偏移幅度与锚距情感空间中心的距离成比例，（B）偏移角度与从中心到锚的角度相差180度，以及（c）目标中的定量愉悦唤起偏移对应于分类描述符的适用性的可预测偏移。这些概念的几何表述，虽然可能夸大了我们量化面部表情中所见信息的能力，但确实提出了具体的假设，其中一些在这里通过六个实验进行了测试。支持性结果被发现与连续和同时呈现的锚和目标，与各种目标表达，包括表达的中性，惊讶和愤怒的感情，与构成和自发的目标表达，与目标表达所构成的同一演员看到的锚和由不同的演员，与不同的观察者群体，并与不同的情绪类别标签。
The same facial expression will be seen as expressing different types and degrees of emotion, depending on what other faces are seen. A relatively neutral face seems sad when presented alongside a happier face, happy alongside a sadder face. A relatively unhappy face seems sad when presented alongside an angrier face, angry alongside a sadder face. The specific emotion seen in a face can be predicted by combining the idea that human judgment is relative with a model of the scale implicit in the judgment of emotion. In that model, categories and dimensions descriptive of feelings are interrelated in a systematic fashion: Categorical descriptors such as happy, sad, calm, and angry are at specific locations around the periphery of an emotion judgment space defined by degree of pleasure and degree of arousal. Viewing one facial expression (an anchor) shifts the entire scale of judgment, displacing the emotion seen in a subsequent expression (the target) in the opposite direction. Specifically,(a) magnitude of shift in perception of the target is proportional to the distance of the anchor from the center of the emotion space,(b) the angle of shift differs by 180 from the angle from the center to the anchor, and (c) the quantitative pleasure-arousal shift in the target corresponds to predictable shifts in the applicability of categorical descriptors. The geometric formulation of these ideas, although perhaps exaggerating our ability to quantify the message seen in a facial expression, did suggest specific hypotheses, some of which were tested here in six experiments. Supportive results were found with successive and with simultaneous presentation of anchor and target, with various target expressions including expressions of neutral, surprised, and angry feelings, with both posed and spontaneous target expressions, with target expressions posed by the same actor seen in the anchor and by a different actor, with different groups of observers, and with different emotion category labels.