Obesity and the Gut Microbiota
Obesity and the Gut Microbiota
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DOI：
10.1097/mcg.0b013e31821f44c4
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Flint, Harry J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flint, Harry J.
肠道微生物有可能通过多种机制影响体重增加和脂肪沉积。其中一个因素是大肠中微生物通过发酵饮食中难以消化的成分来释放能量的能力（“能量收获”）。这种能量通过微生物产生的短链脂肪酸的吸收间接地提供给宿主。从纤维中恢复能量在很大程度上取决于饮食摄入和肠道运输，但也取决于肠道微生物群的组成。肠道微生物群的种类组成随着饮食组成的变化而变化，正如对肥胖个体在减少碳水化合物减肥饮食或含有不同不可消化碳水化合物的饮食后的研究所显示的那样。然而，关于肥胖者和非肥胖者之间肠道微生物群组成差异的程度，存在相互矛盾的证据。相反，越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物及其代谢产物可以影响肠道激素、炎症和肠道运动。影响能量消耗、饱腹感和食物摄入的肠道微生物群组成的任何变化都有可能改变体重的增加和减少，但要建立这些关系，需要更好地了解肠道微生物群落不同成员对宿主生理的影响。
Gut microorganisms have the potential to influence weight gain and fat deposition through a variety of mechanisms. One factor is the ability of microorganisms in the large intestine to release energy by fermenting otherwise indigestible components of the diet ("energy harvest"). This energy becomes available to the host indirectly through the absorption of microbially produced short-chain fatty acids. Energy recovery from fiber will be largely determined by dietary intake and gut transit, but can also depend on the makeup of the gut microbiota. The species composition of the gut microbiota changes with diet composition, as has been shown in studies with obese individuals after reduced carbohydrate weight loss diets, or diets containing different nondigestible carbohydrates. There is conflicting evidence, however, on the extent to which gut microbiota composition differs between obese and nonobese humans. In contrast, there is increasing evidence to suggest that gut microorganisms and their metabolic products can influence gut hormones, inflammation, and gut motility. Any changes in gut microbiota composition that influence energy expenditure, satiety, and food intake have the potential to alter weight gain and weight loss, but a better understanding of the impact of different members of the gut microbial community upon host physiology is needed to establish these relationships.