Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Protein Components and Yield of Low-Gluten Rice
Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Protein Components and Yield of Low-Gluten Rice
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DOI：
10.3390/agriculture11040302
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发表时间：
2021-04-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Li, Tian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lan, Yan;Sui, Xiaodong;Li, Tian
以低筋水稻品种D105为材料，在大田条件下，研究了不同施氮量(N0：0、N90：90、N135：135、N180：180和N225：225 kg中心点hm~(-2))对产量的影响及其对蛋白质含量、籽粒加工品质和各组分蛋白质相对含量的动态变化。结果表明，施氮量在0~180 kg中心点hm~(-2)范围内，有效穗数、结实率、固体粒数、干物质、叶片硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性及产量均呈上升趋势。但N225处理降低了结实率和实粒数，导致产量下降。成熟期，开花后35d，不同氮肥处理间籽粒中白蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量差异不显著，而球蛋白和面筋含量在不同处理间存在差异，说明氮肥施用量对前者的影响与对后者的影响略有相反。此外，施氮量没有改变组成蛋白质在籽粒总蛋白质含量中的比例。在N135和N180处理下，D105低筋大米的加工品质和食味品质最优，而在N225处理下，稻米的整体品质下降。因此，D105低筋水稻产量和加工品质的最佳施氮量为N 180：180 kg中心点hm-2。
Low-gluten rice cultivar D105 was grown in the field under five nitrogen (N) treatments (N0: 0, N90: 90, N135: 135, N180: 180, and N225: 225 kg center dot hm(-2)) to investigate the effect of N application rate on the yield and the resulting dynamic changes in protein content, grain processing quality, and relative content of each component protein. The results indicated that the number of effective panicles, seed setting rate, the number of solid grains, dry matter, leaf nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities, and yield increased with N application rate ranging from 0 to 180 kg center dot hm(-2). However, the seed setting rate and the number of solid grains decreased under N225 treatment, leading to a decline in yield. At maturity, 35 days after flowering, no significant differences between albumin and gliadin in the rice grain were found among the N treatments, while globulin and gluten differed among treatments, indicating that the effect of N application rate on the former was slightly the opposite to that observed on the latter. Further, the N application rates did not change the proportions of component proteins relative to the total protein content in the grain. Processing and taste qualities of D105 low-gluten rice were optimal in the N135 and N180 treatments, and the overall rice quality decreased under the N225 treatment. Therefore, the optimal N application rate for yield and processing quality of D105 low-gluten rice is N180: 180 kg center dot hm(-2).