Climate-driven stress changes and normal fault behavior in the Lake Malawi (Nyasa) Rift, East Africa

Climate-driven stress changes and normal fault behavior in the Lake Malawi (Nyasa) Rift, East Africa
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东非马拉维湖(尼亚萨)裂谷气候驱动的应力变化和正常断层行为

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117693
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Scholz, Christopher A.
Scholz, Christopher A.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xue, Liang;Moucha, Robert;Scholz, Christopher A.

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气候引发的地表质量波动,包括冰和水,可以在地壳中引起瞬时应力,进一步影响断层在不同时间和长度尺度上的滑动行为。特别是,在活动大陆裂谷内发育的湖泊可能调节裂谷边界断层和裂谷内断层的应力状态和滑动速率。在这里,我们利用一个数值模型的马拉维(尼亚萨)裂谷的案例研究,以了解故障的地球表面上的质量波动的响应。马拉维湖水位在过去的15万年中上升了600米,并对裂谷断裂的应力状态产生了显著影响。我们发现,这种水负荷的波动可以施加4.6 MPa的正应力断层面上,并产生负库仑应力(下至-2.0 MPa)断层面上,以及一个显着的减少滑动(102米)断层面内的裂谷。此外,沿走向的断层几何形状和它们的位置相对于水柱负荷的中心的差异,导致沿走向的应力和滑动变化的变化。这些结果表明,在大陆裂谷内发育的湖泊在伸展断裂的演化中起着重要的作用。我们的案例研究为评估气候驱动的地表质量变化与断层面的地下应力状态和相关地震潜力之间的关系提供了基础。
Climate-triggered fluctuations of surface masses, including ice and water, can cause transient stress in the Earth's crust, further affecting the slip behavior of faults over different temporal and length scales. In particular, lakes developed within active continental rifts may modulate the stress states and slip rates of rift border faults and intrarift faults. Here, we utilize a numerical model in a case study of the Malawi (Nyasa) Rift to understand the response of faults to mass fluctuations on the Earth's surface. The water level of Lake Malawi rose 600 m over the last 150 kyr, and significantly influenced the stress state of faults in rift valley. We find that such water load fluctuations can exert 4.6 MPa normal stress on fault planes and produce a negative Coulomb stress (down to −2.0 MPa) on fault planes as well as a pronounced reduction of slip (∼2 m) on fault planes within the rift. Moreover, along-strike differences in fault geometries and their position relative to the center of the water column load resulted in variable along-strike stress and slip changes. These results suggest that lakes that develop within continental rifts play an important role in the evolution of extensional faulting. Our case study provides a basis for evaluating the relationship between climate-driven surface mass variations and the subsurface stress state of fault planes and associated seismic potentials.
东非马拉维湖(尼亚萨)裂谷的裂谷内断层结构、分段和盆地演化
DOI: --
发表时间: 2020
期刊: Geosphere
影响因子: 2.5
作者:
C. Scholz;D. Shillington;L. J. Wright;N. Accardo;J. Gaherty;P. Chindandali
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DOI: 10.1002/2015tc003953
发表时间: 2015-12-01
期刊: TECTONICS
影响因子: 4.2
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Lao-Davila, Daniel A.;Al-Salmi, Haifa S.;Atekwana, Estella A.
通讯作者: Atekwana, Estella A.
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发表时间: 2007
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