Advancing impact prediction and hypothesis testing in invasion ecology using a comparative functional response approach
Advancing impact prediction and hypothesis testing in invasion ecology using a comparative functional response approach
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DOI：
10.1007/s10530-013-0550-8
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发表时间：
2014-04-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Richardson, David M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dick, Jaimie T. A.;Alexander, Mhairi E.;Richardson, David M.
入侵生态学迫切需要能够预测现有的、新兴的和潜在的入侵物种的生态影响的预测方法。我们认为，许多破坏生态的入侵者的特征是他们更有效地利用资源。因此，比较入侵物种和营养相似的本地物种之间的经典“功能反应”(资源利用和可获得性之间的关系)可以预测入侵者的生态影响。我们回顾了物种特性比较的效用以及功能反应在入侵生态学中的应用历史和背景，然后提出了我们使用比较功能反应的框架。我们表明，功能反应分析通过描述物种在一系列资源可获得性上的资源使用情况，避免了对资源使用进行“快照”评估的许多陷阱。我们的框架展示了如何在II型和III型功能反应内和类型III型功能反应之间比较入侵者和本地功能反应，从而测试受影响物种入侵的可能种群水平结果。此外，我们描述了最近的研究如何支持这种方法的预测能力；例如，入侵的‘血红虾’偏裂异常表现出比本地Mysids更高的II型功能反应，这证实并可以预测，在该领域的实际入侵者影响。比较功能反应方法还可以用来研究两个或更多入侵者、同一入侵者的两个或更多种群的影响的差异，以及入侵者影响的非生物(例如温度)和生物(例如寄生)上下文相关性。我们的框架还可能解决以前在测试入侵生态学中的主要假说方面缺乏严谨性的问题，例如“敌人释放”和“生物抗性”假说，因为我们的方法明确地考虑了受影响资源的人口统计学后果，如本地和入侵的猎物物种。我们还确定了在入侵生态学中应用比较功能反应的潜在挑战。这些措施包括纳入数字反应、多种捕食者效应和以特征为中介的间接相互作用、替代与非替代研究设计以及将功能反应纳入风险评估框架。未来，为荟萃分析生成足够多的案例研究可能会检验比较功能反应确实可以预测入侵物种影响的总体假设。
Invasion ecology urgently requires predictive methodologies that can forecast the ecological impacts of existing, emerging and potential invasive species. We argue that many ecologically damaging invaders are characterised by their more efficient use of resources. Consequently, comparison of the classical 'functional response' (relationship between resource use and availability) between invasive and trophically analogous native species may allow prediction of invader ecological impact. We review the utility of species trait comparisons and the history and context of the use of functional responses in invasion ecology, then present our framework for the use of comparative functional responses. We show that functional response analyses, by describing the resource use of species over a range of resource availabilities, avoids many pitfalls of 'snapshot' assessments of resource use. Our framework demonstrates how comparisons of invader and native functional responses, within and between Type II and III functional responses, allow testing of the likely population-level outcomes of invasions for affected species. Furthermore, we describe how recent studies support the predictive capacity of this method; for example, the invasive 'bloody red shrimp' Hemimysis anomala shows higher Type II functional responses than native mysids and this corroborates, and could have predicted, actual invader impacts in the field. The comparative functional response method can also be used to examine differences in the impact of two or more invaders, two or more populations of the same invader, and the abiotic (e.g. temperature) and biotic (e.g. parasitism) context-dependencies of invader impacts. Our framework may also address the previous lack of rigour in testing major hypotheses in invasion ecology, such as the 'enemy release' and 'biotic resistance' hypotheses, as our approach explicitly considers demographic consequences for impacted resources, such as native and invasive prey species. We also identify potential challenges in the application of comparative functional responses in invasion ecology. These include incorporation of numerical responses, multiple predator effects and trait-mediated indirect interactions, replacement versus non-replacement study designs and the inclusion of functional responses in risk assessment frameworks. In future, the generation of sufficient case studies for a meta-analysis could test the overall hypothesis that comparative functional responses can indeed predict invasive species impacts.