Steep discounting of delayed monetary and food rewards in obesity: a meta-analysis
Steep discounting of delayed monetary and food rewards in obesity: a meta-analysis
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291716000866
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
MacKillop, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amlung, M.;Petker, T.;MacKillop, J.
背景越来越多的研究调查了延迟折扣（DD）与肥胖的关系，但结果不一。这项荟萃分析综合了关于金钱和食物DD与肥胖之间关系的文献，有三个目标：（1）在病例对照比较和连续设计中描述DD与肥胖之间的关系;（2）检查潜在的调节因素，包括病例对照与连续设计，金钱与食物奖励，样本性别分布和样本年龄方法从134篇候选文献中，39项独立调查产生了29个病例对照和30个连续比较（总n = 10278）。随机效应荟萃分析采用Cohen's d作为效应量。采用失效安全N检验、Begg-Mazumdar检验和Egger检验、发表年份和效应量的荟萃回归以及缺失研究的插补来评估发表偏倚。尽管在病例对照设计、食物奖励和儿童/青少年样本的研究中发现了显着更大的效应量，但检查的调节因素均未产生统计学显着差异。发表偏倚的证据有限，虽然Begg-Mazumdar测试和荟萃回归表明，随着时间的推移，影响大小略有减少。结论陡峭的DD的食物和金钱似乎是一个强大的功能，肥胖是相对一致的DD评估方法和研究设计检查。这些研究结果的背景下讨论了DD在药物成瘾，DD在肥胖症的神经基础，和潜在的临床应用。
Background An increasing number of studies have investigated delay discounting (DD) in relation to obesity, but with mixed findings. This meta-analysis synthesized the literature on the relationship between monetary and food DD and obesity, with three objectives: (1) to characterize the relationship between DD and obesity in both case-control comparisons and continuous designs; (2) to examine potential moderators, including case-control v. continuous design, money v. food rewards, sample sex distribution, and sample age (18 years); and (3) to evaluate publication bias.Method From 134 candidate articles, 39 independent investigations yielded 29 case-control and 30 continuous comparisons (total n = 10 278). Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted using Cohen's d as the effect size. Publication bias was evaluated using fail-safe N, Begg-Mazumdar and Egger tests, meta-regression of publication year and effect size, and imputation of missing studies.Results The primary analysis revealed a medium effect size across studies that was highly statistically significant (d = 0.43, p < 10(-14)). None of the moderators examined yielded statistically significant differences, although notably larger effect sizes were found for studies with case-control designs, food rewards and child/adolescent samples. Limited evidence of publication bias was present, although the Begg-Mazumdar test and meta-regression suggested a slightly diminishing effect size over time.Conclusions Steep DD of food and money appears to be a robust feature of obesity that is relatively consistent across the DD assessment methodologies and study designs examined. These findings are discussed in the context of research on DD in drug addiction, the neural bases of DD in obesity, and potential clinical applications.