The diversity and biogeography of soil bacterial communities
The diversity and biogeography of soil bacterial communities
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0507535103
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发表时间：
2006-01-17
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Jackson, RB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fierer, N;Jackson, RB
几个世纪以来，生物学家一直在研究大陆尺度上的植物和动物多样性模式。直到最近，对微生物进行类似的研究是不可能的，微生物可以说是地球上最多样化和最丰富的生物群体。在这里，我们提出了一个大陆尺度的土壤细菌群落和影响其生物多样性的环境因素的描述。我们收集了来自北美和南美的98个土壤样品，并使用核糖体DNA指纹法来比较细菌群落组成和多样性。细菌多样性是无关的网站温度，纬度和其他变量，通常预测植物和动物的多样性，和社区组成在很大程度上是独立的地理距离。不同生态系统类型土壤细菌群落的多样性和丰富度存在差异，这些差异在很大程度上可以用土壤pH值来解释（r（2）= 0.70和r（2）= 0.58; P < 0.0001）。细菌多样性在中性土壤中最高，在酸性土壤中较低，在我们的研究中，秘鲁亚马逊地区的土壤酸性最强，多样性最少。我们的研究结果表明，微生物地理主要是由土壤变量和根本不同的“宏”生物的地理。
For centuries, biologists have studied patterns of plant and animal diversity at continental scales. Until recently, similar studies were impossible for microorganisms, arguably the most diverse and abundant group of organisms on Earth. Here, we present a continental-scale description of soil bacterial communities and the environmental factors influencing their biodiversity. We collected 98 soil samples from across North and South America and used a ribosomal DNA-fingerprinting method to compare bacterial community composition and diversity quantitatively across sites. Bacterial diversity was unrelated to site temperature, latitude, and other variables that typically predict plant and animal diversity, and community composition was largely independent of geographic distance. The diversity and richness of soil bacterial communities differed by ecosystem type, and these differences could largely be explained by soil pH (r(2) = 0.70 and r(2) = 0.58, respectively; P < 0.0001 in both cases). Bacterial diversity was highest in neutral soils and lower in acidic soils, with soils from the Peruvian Amazon the most acidic and least diverse in our study. Our results suggest that microbial biogeography is controlled primarily by edaphic variables and differs fundamentally from the biogeography of "macro" organisms.