Heat-related deaths during the July 1995 heat wave in Chicago
Heat-related deaths during the July 1995 heat wave in Chicago
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DOI：
10.1056/nejm199607113350203
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发表时间：
1996-07-11
影响因子：
158.5
通讯作者：
Wilhelm, JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Semenza, JC;Rubin, CH;Wilhelm, JL
背景1995年7月，在芝加哥创纪录的热浪中，至少有700人额外死亡，其中大部分被归类为与高温有关的死亡。方法从1995年7月14日至7月17日，我们在芝加哥进行了一项病例对照研究，以确定与高温死亡和心血管原因死亡相关的危险因素。从7月21日开始，我们访问了339名死者的亲属、邻居或朋友，并根据邻近地区和年龄对339名与病例对象相匹配的对照进行了访谈。结果发现，卧床不起(与不卧床的人相比，优势比为5.5)或生活不能自理(优势比为4.1)的人与高温相关的死亡风险增加。那些每天不出门的人(赔率比为6.7)、独居的人(赔率比为2.3)或住在大楼顶层的人(赔率比为4.7)也会增加风险。在该地区有团体活动或朋友等社交活动是有保护作用的。在一项多变量分析中，与高温相关的死亡风险最大的因素是卧床(优势比8.2)和独居(优势比2.3)；使用空调工作的人(优势比0.3)和可以使用交通工具的人(优势比0.3)死亡风险降低。被归类为心血管原因的死亡的危险因素与与高温有关的死亡的危险因素相似。结论在这项关于1995年芝加哥热浪的研究中，死于高温的风险最大的人是患有内科疾病的人，他们与社会隔绝，无法使用空调。在未来的高温紧急情况下，针对这类人的干预措施应该会减少与高温有关的死亡。(C)1996年，马萨诸塞州医学会。
Background During a record-setting heat wave in Chicago in July 1995, there were at least 700 excess deaths, most of which were classified as heat-related. We sought to determine who was at greatest risk for heat-related death.Methods We conducted a case-control study in Chicago to identify risk factors associated with heat-related death and death from cardiovascular causes from July 14 through July 17, 1995. Beginning on July 21, we interviewed 339 relatives, neighbors, or friends of those who died and 339 controls matched to the case subjects according to neighborhood and age.Results The risk of heat-related death was increased for people with known medical problems who were confined to bed (odds ratio as compared with those who were not confined to bed, 5.5) or who were unable to care for themselves (odds ratio, 4.1). Also at increased risk were those who did not leave home each day (odds ratio, 6.7), who lived alone (odds ratio, 2.3), or who lived on the top floor of a building (odds ratio, 4.7). Having social contacts such as group activities or friends in the area was protective. In a multivariate analysis, the strongest risk factors for heat-related death were being confined to bed (odds ratio, 8.2) and living alone (odds ratio, 2.3); the risk of death was reduced for people with working air conditioners (odds ratio, 0.3) and those with access to transportation (odds ratio, 0.3). Deaths classified as due to cardiovascular causes had risk factors similar to those for heat-related death.Conclusions In this study of the 1995 Chicago heat wave, those at greatest risk of dying from the heat were people with medical illnesses who were socially isolated and did not have access to air conditioning. In future heat emergencies, interventions directed to such persons should reduce deaths related to the heat. (C) 1996, Massachusetts Medical Society.