Structural stigma and sexual orientation disparities in adolescent drug use.
Structural stigma and sexual orientation disparities in adolescent drug use.
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青少年药物使用中的结构性污名和性取向差异。
DOI：
10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.02.017
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发表时间：
2015-07
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Austin, S. Bryn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hatzenbuehler, Mark L.;Jun, Hee-Jin;Corliss, Heather L.;Austin, S. Bryn
虽然流行病学研究证实，青少年和年轻人在使用非法药物方面存在很大的性取向差异，但这些差异的决定因素仍未得到充分研究。这项研究试图确定，在性少数群体受到高度耻辱的州，非法药物使用方面的性取向差异是否会加剧。国家一级的结构性污名是使用以前建立的基于4项综合指数的衡量标准进行编码的：(1)同性伴侣的密度；(2)每所公立高中同性恋联盟的比例；(3)与性取向歧视有关的5项政策(例如，同性婚姻、就业和不歧视)；以及(4)公众对同性恋的意见(41项全国民意调查的汇总答复)。该指数与《今日成长研究》(Growing Up Today Study)的个人水平数据相关联，该研究是一项针对青少年的前瞻性社区研究(2000-2010)。与异性恋同龄人相比，性少数群体报告的非法药物使用量更大。然而，对男性和女性来说，性取向状况和结构性污名之间存在着统计上显著的相互作用，因此大麻和非法药物使用方面的性取向差异在高结构性污名状态中比在低结构污名状态中更为明显，从而控制了个人和国家一级的混杂因素。例如，在男性中，表明性取向和大麻使用之间的关联的风险比在高结构性污名状态比低结构性污名状态高24%，对于女性，在高结构性污名状态比低结构性污名状态高28%。社会政策和态度方面的污名可能会导致非法药物使用方面的性取向差异。
Although epidemiologic studies have established the existence of large sexual orientation disparities in illicit drug use among adolescents and young adults, the determinants of these disparities remain understudied. This study sought to determine whether sexual orientation disparities in illicit drug use are potentiated in states that are characterized by high levels of stigma surrounding sexual minorities. State-level structural stigma was coded using a previously established measure based on a 4-item composite index: (1) density of same-sex couples; (2) proportion of Gay-Straight Alliances per public high school; (3) 5 policies related to sexual orientation discrimination (e.g., same-sex marriage, employment non-discrimination); and (4) public opinion toward homosexuality (aggregated responses from 41 national polls). The index was linked to individual-level data from the Growing Up Today Study, a prospective community-based study of adolescents (2000–2010). Sexual minorities report greater illicit drug use than their heterosexual peers. However, for both men and women, there were statistically significant interactions between sexual orientation status and structural stigma, such that sexual orientation disparities in marijuana and illicit drug use were more pronounced in high-structural stigma states than in low-structural stigma states, controlling for individual- and state-level confounders. For instance, among men, the risk ratio indicating the association between sexual orientation and marijuana use was 24% greater in high- versus low-structural stigma states, and for women it was 28% greater in high- versus low-structural stigma states. Stigma in the form of social policies and attitudes may contribute to sexual orientation disparities in illicit drug use.
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影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Corliss, Heather L.;Rosario, Margaret;Wypij, David;Wylie, Sarah A.;Frazier, A. Lindsay;Austin, S. Bryn
通讯作者：
Austin, S. Bryn
影响因子：
8
作者：
Hatzenbuehler, Mark L.
通讯作者：
Hatzenbuehler, Mark L.
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Hatzenbuehler, Mark L.;McLaughlin, Katie A.;Hasin, Deborah S.
通讯作者：
Hasin, Deborah S.
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Hatzenbuehler, Mark L.
通讯作者：
Hatzenbuehler, Mark L.
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Hatzenbuehler, Mark L.;Jun, Hee-Jin;Austin, S. Bryn
通讯作者：
Austin, S. Bryn