Depth and elaboration of processing in relation to age.
Depth and elaboration of processing in relation to age.
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与年龄相关的处理的深度和细节。
DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.5.2.115
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发表时间：
1979
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Simon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Simon
在编码和提取的加工联合操纵，然后直接比较不同的线索提取的有效性，揭示了与年龄和不同的实验操作的深度和精细加工的相对模式。在实验1中，语音和语义线索是有效的检索辅助工具，要记住的话，在最年轻的一组;随着年龄的增长，语义线索的有效性下降超过语音线索。这些数据表明，音位特征具有在典型水平范式产生的数据中不被认识到的重要性。当在实验2中通过将单词呈现在句子中来诱导单词的阐述时，语义和上下文线索在最年轻的组中最有效，而音素线索在最年长的组中最有效。由于在老年人的提示有效性的模式是类似的实验1中，在相同的话，单独提出，它的结论是，老化的结果在穷人的阐述，特别是，在效率低下的整合词事件与上下文的介绍。在实验3中，通过实验限制编码时间，在年轻受试者中模仿这些年龄效应。目前的方法使用了一些经过修改的深度和详细说明的观点。
Processing at encoding and retrieval was jointly manipulated, and then the retrieval effectiveness of different cues was directly compared to uncover the relative pattern of deep and elaborate processing in relation to both age and different experimental manipulations. In experiment 1 phonemic and semantic cues were effective retrieval aids for to-be-remembered words in the youngest group; with increasing age, semantic cues decreased in effectiveness more than phonemic cues. These data showed phonemic features to have an importance that is not recognized in the data generated by the typical levels paradigm. When elaboration of the words was induced in Experiment 2 by presenting them in sentences, semantic and context cues were most effective in the youngest group whereas phonemic cues were most effective in the oldest group. Since the pattern of cue effectiveness in the elderly was similar to that in Experiment 1, where the same words were presented alone, it was concluded that aging results in poor elaboration, in particular, in inefficient integration of word events with the context of presentation. These age effects were mimicked in young subjects in Experiment 3 by experimentally restricting encoding time. The present approach uses somewhat modified views of depth and elaboration.