The interaction between acoustic salience and language experience in developmental speech perception: evidence from nasal place discrimination
The interaction between acoustic salience and language experience in developmental speech perception: evidence from nasal place discrimination
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00898.x
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Beddor, Patrice Speeter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Narayan, Chandan R.;Werker, Janet F.;Beddor, Patrice Speeter
先前的研究表明，婴儿的言语感知在第一年会重新组织：年幼的婴儿能够区分母语和非母语语音对比，但到了 10-12 个月时，难以区分的非母语对比就变得越来越难以区分，而母语对比的表现则有所提高。在当前的研究中，四个实验检验了这样的假设：除了母语经验的影响之外，声学显着性也会影响婴儿期发生的知觉重组。使用视觉习惯范式，以跨语言设计向婴儿呈现相对声学显着性不同的两个鼻位置区别，即声学上稳健的唇齿龈[ma]-[na]和声学上不太显着的牙槽-软腭[na]-[na]。 6-8 个月和 10-12 个月学习英语的婴儿表现出对母语和声学强的 [ma]-[ na] 的辨别能力（实验 1），但对非母语（处于初始位置）和声学不太显着的 [na]-[na] 没有辨别能力（实验 2）。对非常年幼（4-5 个月大）学习英语的婴儿进行相同的母语和非母语对比测试，也仅表现出对 [ma]-[na] 区别的区分（实验 3）。学习菲律宾语的婴儿，其环境语言包括音节声母齿龈音 (/n/) - 软腭音 (/n/) 对比，在 10-12 个月时表现出对母语 [na]-[na] 的辨别力，但在 6-8 个月时则没有（实验 4）。这些结果支持这样的假设：声学显着性影响婴儿期的言语感知，母语经验有助于区分声学上相似的语音区别 [na]-[na]。我们讨论了这种发展概况对婴儿期言语感知综合理论的影响。
Previous research suggests that infant speech perception reorganizes in the first year: young infants discriminate both native and non-native phonetic contrasts, but by 10-12 months difficult non-native contrasts are less discriminable whereas performance improves on native contrasts. In the current study, four experiments tested the hypothesis that, in addition to the influence of native language experience, acoustic salience also affects the perceptual reorganization that takes place in infancy. Using a visual habituation paradigm, two nasal place distinctions that differ in relative acoustic salience, acoustically robust labial-alveolar [ma]-[na] and acoustically less salient alveolar-velar [na]-[na], were presented to infants in a cross-language design. English-learning infants at 6-8 and 10-12 months showed discrimination of the native and acoustically robust [ma]-[ na] (Experiment 1), but not the non-native (in initial position) and acoustically less salient [na]-[na] (Experiment 2). Very young (4-5-month-old) English-learning infants tested on the same native and non-native contrasts also showed discrimination of only the [ma]-[na] distinction (Experiment 3). Filipino-learning infants, whose ambient language includes the syllable-initial alveolar (/n/)-velar (/n/) contrast, showed discrimination of native [na]-[na] at 10-12 months, but not at 6-8 months (Experiment 4). These results support the hypothesis that acoustic salience affects speech perception in infancy, with native language experience facilitating discrimination of an acoustically similar phonetic distinction [na]-[na]. We discuss the implications of this developmental profile for a comprehensive theory of speech perception in infancy.