The impact of trade on intra-industry reallocations and aggregate industry productivity
The impact of trade on intra-industry reallocations and aggregate industry productivity
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DOI：
10.1111/1468-0262.00467
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发表时间：
2003-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Melitz, MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Melitz, MJ
本文建立了一个异质性企业的动态产业模型，分析了国际贸易的产业内效应。该模型表明，贸易风险只会促使生产率较高的公司进入出口市场（而一些生产率较低的公司继续只为国内市场生产），同时将迫使生产率最低的公司退出。然后，它表明，该行业贸易风险的进一步增加如何导致更多的公司间再分配，流向生产力更高的公司。该文件还显示了如何总产业生产率的增长所产生的再分配有助于福利收益，从而突出了贸易的好处，还没有被理论研究过。本文采用Hopenhayn（1992 a）的动态产业模型来研究一般均衡条件下的垄断竞争。在这样做的时候，本文提供了一个扩展的克鲁格曼（1980年）的贸易模型，包括企业层面的生产率差异。具有不同生产率水平的企业在一个行业中共存，因为每个企业在进行不可逆转的投资进入该行业之前，都面临着关于其生产率的初始不确定性。进入出口市场的成本也很高，但企业是在了解了自己的生产力之后才作出出口决定的。
This paper develops a dynamic industry model with heterogeneous firms to analyze the intra-industry effects of international trade. The model shows how the exposure to trade will induce only the more productive firms to enter the export market (while some less productive firms continue to produce only for the domestic market) and will simultaneously force the least productive firms to exit. It then shows how further increases in the industry's exposure to trade lead to additional inter-firm reallocations towards more productive firms. The paper also shows how the aggregate industry productivity growth generated by the reallocations contributes to a welfare gain, thus highlighting a benefit from trade that has not been examined theoretically before. The paper adapts Hopenhayn's (1992a) dynamic industry model to monopolistic competition in a general equilibrium setting. In so doing, the paper provides an extension of Krugman's (1980) trade model that incorporates firm level productivity differences. Firms with different productivity levels coexist in an industry because each firm faces initial uncertainty concerning its productivity before making an irreversible investment to enter the industry. Entry into the export market is also costly, but the firm's decision to export occurs after it gains knowledge of its productivity.