Bullying Victimisation, Internalising Symptoms, and Conduct Problems in South African Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Investigation
Bullying Victimisation, Internalising Symptoms, and Conduct Problems in South African Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Investigation
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DOI：
10.1007/s10802-014-9888-3
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发表时间：
2014-11-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Badcock, Nicholas A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Boyes, Mark E.;Bowes, Lucy;Badcock, Nicholas A.
在发达国家的纵向研究中，欺凌受害者与儿童和青少年的心理健康问题有前瞻性的联系。然而，来自发展中国家的研究一直受到横断面设计的限制，在那里，青少年面临着社交和情感发展的多重风险。这是南非首次对欺凌受害者的心理影响进行纵向研究。该研究的主要目的是研究欺凌、受害与南非青年内化和外化症状之间的潜在关系。第二个目标是调查欺凌受害者经历中与性别和年龄相关的差异。来自南非艾滋病毒高流行(30%)社区的儿童和青少年(10-17岁，57%为女性，n=3515)接受了采访，并在一年后进行了跟踪(97%保留)。普查清点地区是从两个省的城市和农村地点随机选择的，逐户抽样包括所有有常住儿童/青少年的家庭。在基线上暴露于欺凌受害者的多次经历预示着一年后的内化症状和行为问题。此外，基线心理健康得分预测了以后的欺凌受害者，表明在这个样本中，欺凌受害者和心理健康结果之间的关系是双向的。身体上、言语上和关系上的欺凌受害者的预期性别差异是明显的，并预测随着时间的推移欺凌受害者的数量会下降。在发达国家，以学校为基础的反欺凌计划已被证明在减少欺凌和受害方面是有效的。应在南非实施反欺凌方案，并对其进行严格评估，因为这可促进改善南非儿童和青少年的心理健康。
Bullying victimisation has been prospectively linked with mental health problems among children and adolescents in longitudinal studies in the developed world. However, research from the developing world, where adolescents face multiple risks to social and emotional development, has been limited by cross-sectional designs. This is the first longitudinal study of the psychological impacts of bullying victimisation in South Africa. The primary aim was to examine prospective relationships between bullying victimisation and internalising and externalising symptoms in South African youth. Secondary aims were to examine gender and age-related differences in experiences of bullying victimisation. Children and adolescents (10-17 years, 57 % female, n = 3,515) from high HIV-prevalent (> 30 %) communities in South Africa were interviewed and followed-up 1 year later (97 % retention). Census enumeration areas were randomly selected from urban and rural sites in two provinces and door-to-door sampling included all households with a resident child/adolescent. Exposure to multiple experiences of bullying victimisation at baseline predicted internalising symptoms and conduct problems 1 year later. Additionally, baseline mental health scores predicted later bullying victimisation, demonstrating bi-directionality of relationships between bullying victimisation and mental health outcomes in this sample. Expected gender differences in physical, verbal, and relational bullying victimisation were evident and predicted declines in bullying victimisation over time were observed. In the developed world, school-based anti-bullying programmes have been shown to be effective in reducing bullying and victimisation. Anti-bullying programmes should be implemented and rigorously evaluated in South Africa, as this may promote improved mental health among South African children and adolescents.