A healthy mind in a healthy body: Effects of arteriosclerosis and other risk factors on cognitive aging and dementia.
A healthy mind in a healthy body: Effects of arteriosclerosis and other risk factors on cognitive aging and dementia.
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DOI：
10.1016/bs.plm.2022.08.001
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发表时间：
2022
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在这篇综述中，我们从这样一个假设开始：为了充分理解认知老化，重要的是要接受一个整体的观点，整合身体，大脑和认知功能的变化。这种广泛的观点可以帮助解释衰老轨迹的个体差异，并最终实现预防和补救策略。正如这篇综述的标题所暗示的，我们声称，各种器官系统对大脑不仅有间接的影响，而且有直接的影响，产生了一系列强烈导致与年龄相关的认知能力下降的现象。在这里，我们主要关注脑血管系统，因为它对大脑健康的直接影响以及与阿尔茨海默病和其他类型痴呆症的发展和进展的密切联系。我们首先回顾了在正常衰老的老年人中经常观察到的主要认知变化，以及支持它们的大脑系统。其次，我们简要概述了脑血管系统及其对大脑解剖和功能的已知影响，重点是衰老。第三，我们回顾了可能影响脑血管系统并最终导致认知能力下降的遗传和生活方式风险因素。最后，我们讨论了这一证据，审查的局限性，并指出其他研究和临床干预的途径。
In this review we start from the assumption that, to fully understand cognitive aging, it is important to embrace a holistic view, integrating changes in bodily, brain, and cognitive functions. This broad view can help explain individual differences in aging trajectories and could ultimately enable prevention and remediation strategies. As the title of this review suggests, we claim that there are not only indirect but also direct effects of various organ systems on the brain, creating cascades of phenomena that strongly contribute to age-related cognitive decline. Here we focus primarily on the cerebrovascular system, because of its direct effects on brain health and close connections with the development and progression of Alzheimer’s Disease and other types of dementia. We start by reviewing the main cognitive changes that are often observed in normally aging older adults, as well as the brain systems that support them. Second, we provide a brief overview of the cerebrovascular system and its known effects on brain anatomy and function, with a focus on aging. Third, we review genetic and lifestyle risk factors that may affect the cerebrovascular system and ultimately contribute to cognitive decline. Lastly, we discuss this evidence, review limitations, and point out avenues for additional research and clinical intervention.