Neuropsychological deficits in adolescents with fetal alcohol syndrome: Clinical findings
Neuropsychological deficits in adolescents with fetal alcohol syndrome: Clinical findings
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.1998.tb05909.x
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发表时间：
1998-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bookstein, FL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Olson, HC;Feldman, JJ;Bookstein, FL
了解胎儿酒精综合征（FAS）青少年患者认知缺陷的性质可以指导未来的评估和干预研究。在一项探索性研究中，对9名患有FAS的非弱智青少年进行了智商和适应行为测试，以及对酒精影响敏感的神经心理学测试。他们的表现进行了比较，心理测量规范和数据从174个青少年的样本，很少或没有产前酒精暴露。这些非弱智FAS患者通常表现出行为问题，社会能力下降，学习成绩差。神经心理学测试显示出明显的缺陷，虽然没有一个神经心理学特征的所有患者，并不是所有的测试都显示出问题，相对完整的性能，观察到程序记忆，反应时间的一些措施，和一些阅读措施。在注意力和记忆任务中，利用视觉空间技能，短期听觉注意力和记忆，陈述性学习以及认知灵活性和规划方面存在缺陷。还观察到处理速度和准确性方面的困难，与52名非酒精暴露或最低限度酒精暴露的青少年（具有相似范围的IQ评分）的亚组比较表明，这些FAS患者中的缺陷不能完全解释为IQ普遍降低。
Understanding the nature of cognitive deficits among adolescent patients with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) can direct future research on assessment and intervention. In an exploratory study, nine nonretarded teenagers with FAS were administered tests of IQ and adaptive behavior, and neuropsychological tests presumed sensitive to alcohol effects. Their performance was compared with psychometric norms and to data from a sample of 174 adolescents with minimal or no prenatal alcohol exposure. These nonretarded FAS patients commonly showed behavior problems, decreased social competence, and poor school performance. Neuropsychological testing revealed significant deficits, although no one neuropsychological profile characterized all patients and not all tests revealed problems, Relatively intact performance was observed in procedural memory, some measures of reaction time, and some reading measures. Deficits were seen on attentional and memory tasks tapping visual-spatial skills, short-term auditory attention and memory, declarative learning, and cognitive flexibility and planning. Difficulties in processing speed and accuracy were also seen, Comparison with a subgroup of 52 nonalcohol-exposed or minimally alcohol-exposed adolescents with a similar range of IQ scores demonstrated that deficits among these FAS patients were not fully explained by a general lowering of IQ.