Toward Exascale Resilience: 2014 update
Toward Exascale Resilience: 2014 update
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DOI：
10.14529/jsfi140101
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发表时间：
2014-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Cappello;A. Geist;W. Gropp;Sanjay Kale;B. Kramer;M. Snir
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Cappello;A. Geist;W. Gropp;Sanjay Kale;B. Kramer;M. Snir
弹性是HPC在未来百亿亿级系统上执行的主要障碍。这些系统通常会聚集数百万个CPU内核，运行多达10亿个线程。根据目前大型系统和技术发展的预测，在百亿亿级系统中，每天会发生多次错误。这些错误将传播并产生各种各样的故障，从简单的进程崩溃到结果损坏。在过去的五年中，在与百亿亿次弹性相关的许多领域都取得了非凡的技术进步。一些最初被认为在高性能计算环境中不适用或不现实的技术选择已经取得了惊人的成功。尽管取得了这些进展，但exascale的弹性问题并没有得到解决，社区仍然面临着艰巨的挑战，即确保exascale应用程序在不稳定的系统上运行时完成并生成正确的结果。自2009年以来，许多研讨会、研究和报告改进了弹性问题的定义，并提供了完善的建议。前几十年作出的一些预测和根据这些预测确定的一些优先事项需要订正。本文调查了在过去的五年中社区所了解到的情况，并总结了HPC社区仍然认为关键的研究问题。
Resilience is a major roadblock for HPC executions on future exascale systems. These systems will typically gather millions of CPU cores running up to a billion threads. Projections from current large systems and technology evolution predict errors will happen in exascale systems many times per day. These errors will propagate and generate various kinds of malfunctions, from simple process crashes to result corruptions.The past five years have seen extraordinary technical progress in many domains related to exascale resilience. Several technical options, initially considered inapplicable or unrealistic in the HPC context, have demonstrated surprising successes. Despite this progress, the exascale resilience problem is not solved, and the community is still facing the difficult challenge of ensuring that exascale applications complete and generate correct results while running on unstable systems. Since 2009, many workshops, studies, and reports have improved the definition of the resilience problem and provided refined recommendations. Some projections made during the previous decades and some priorities established from these projections need to be revised. This paper surveys what the community has learned in the past five years and summarizes the research problems still considered critical by the HPC community.