Iraq in Fragments: The Occupation and its Legacy
Iraq in Fragments: The Occupation and its Legacy
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伊拉克的碎片：占领及其遗产
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Rangwala
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Herring;G. Rangwala
当美国在2003年3月领导入侵伊拉克时，它期望能够建立一个繁荣的自由民主国家，拥有开放的经济，成为该地区的关键盟友。海岭和兰瓦拉认为，伊拉克的国家建设之所以陷入瘫痪，与其说是因为伊拉克政府本身存在的弱点、伊拉克的宗派分歧或美国的政策失误，不如说是因为美国试图控制这一进程的参数和结果，但收效甚微。他们解释说，美国在伊拉克建立国家的性质本身就为不受管制的地方权力斗争和庇护关系创造了激励。腐败、走私和暴力由此产生。作者认为，美国领导的占领的主要遗产是伊拉克已经成为一个支离破碎的国家--也就是说，在这个国家中，各行动者对总体政治权力的归属存在争议，而且没有解决此类争议的商定程序。只要是这种情况，国家的权力就仍然有限。官员培训计划等技术官僚机制、选举等政治解决办法以及强制性镇压工具将无法克服这种局面。将占领置于地区，全球和美国政治的背景下，海岭和兰瓦拉展示了合作，胁迫和经济变革的政治如何改变了伊拉克人民的生活和生活。由于对伊拉克未来的不确定性仍然存在，这卷提供了一个更深层次的力量，使意义上的日常事件在伊拉克急需的分析。
When the US led the invasion of Iraq in March 2003, it expected to be able to establish a prosperous liberal democracy with an open economy that would serve as a key ally in the region. It sought to engage Iraqi society in ways that would defeat any challenge to that state-building project and US guidance of it. Herring and Rangwala argue that state building in Iraq has been crippled less by pre-existing weaknesses in the Iraqi state, Iraqi sectarian divisions or US policy mistakes than by the fact that the US has attempted - with only limited success - to control the parameters and outcome of that process. They explain that the very nature of US state building in Iraq has created incentives for unregulated local power struggles and patron-client relations. Corruption, smuggling and violence have resulted. The main legacy of the US-led occupation, the authors contend, is that Iraq has become a fragmented state - that is, one in which actors dispute where overall political authority lies and in which there are no agreed procedures for resolving such disputes. As long as this is the case, the authority of the state will remain limited. Technocratic mechanisms such as training schemes for officials, political fixes such as elections and the coercive tools of repression will not be able to overcome this situation. Placing the occupation within the context of regional, global and US politics, Herring and Rangwala demonstrate how the politics of co-option, coercion and economic change have transformed the lives and allegiances of the Iraqi population. As uncertainty about the future of Iraq persists, this volume provides a much-needed analysis of the deeper forces which give meaning to the daily events in Iraq.