Effects of a population bottleneck on Whooping Crane mitochondrial DNA variation
Effects of a population bottleneck on Whooping Crane mitochondrial DNA variation
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.97527.x
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发表时间：
1999-10-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Braun, MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glenn, TC;Stephan, W;Braun, MJ
美洲起重机（Grus americana）是一种濒临灭绝的鸟类，在1938年只有14只成年鹤存活。我们通过对生活在瓶颈之前、期间和之后的鹤的线粒体DNA控制区的314个碱基对（bp）进行测序，评估了这种人为瓶颈的遗传效应。从博物馆标本中提取的DNA最大长度与年龄呈负相关，153份标本中只有10份获得了完整的314 bp序列。六个单倍型中存在的前瓶颈的个人测序，其中只有一个仍然存在于现代人口。最常见的现代单倍型是在低频率的前瓶颈人口，这表明强大的影响，遗传漂变改变等位基因频率在非常小的群体。通过结合所有可用的数据，我们表明，不超过三分之一的前瓶颈单倍型生存的人为造成的人口瓶颈。高水平的核苷酸位点之间的替代率的变化，使我们无法估计的前瓶颈人口规模。我们的数据将被纳入圈养繁殖计划，以便更好地管理有关保存现有遗传多样性的决策。这些数据首次让我们看到了这个物种为人类活动付出的遗传代价。
The Whooping Crane (Grus americana) is an endangered bird that suffered a severe population bottleneck; only 14 adults survived in 1938. We assessed the genetic effect of this human-caused bottleneck by sequencing 314 base pairs (bp) of the mitochondrial DNA control region from cranes that lived before, during and after this bottleneck. The maximum length of DNA amplifiable from museum specimens was negatively correlated with age, and only 10 of 153 specimens yielded the entire 314 bp sequence. Six haplotypes were present among the prebottleneck individuals sequenced, and only one of these persists in the modern population. The most common modern haplotype was in low frequency in the prebottleneck population, which demonstrates the powerful effect of genetic drift in changing allele frequencies in very small populations. By combining all available data, we show that no more than one-third of the prebottleneck haplotypes survived the human-caused population bottleneck. High levels of variation of substitution rates among nucleotide sites prevented us from estimating the prebottleneck population size. Our data will be incorporated into the captive breeding program to allow better management decisions regarding the preservation of current genetic diversity. These data offer the first glimpse into the genetic toll this species has paid for human activities.