7SK snRNA: a noncoding RNA that plays a major role in regulating eukaryotic transcription.
7SK snRNA: a noncoding RNA that plays a major role in regulating eukaryotic transcription.
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DOI：
10.1002/wrna.106
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发表时间：
2012-01
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Price, David H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peterlin, B. Matija;Brogie, John E.;Price, David H.
人类7SK小核RNA （snRNA）是一种丰富的非编码RNA，其功能在从无脊椎动物到人类的进化过程中一直被保守。它由RNA聚合酶III （RNAPIII）转录，位于细胞核中。与相关的细胞蛋白一起，7SK snRNA调节正转录延伸因子P-TEFb的活性。在人类中，这种调节是通过7SK snrna结合蛋白HEXIM1或HEXIM2募集P-TEFb来完成的，这些蛋白抑制P-TEFb的激酶活性。P-TEFb调节启动子近端暂停的RNA聚合酶II （RNAPII）向生产性延伸的转变，从而允许有效的mRNA生产。7SK小核核糖核蛋白（snRNP）的蛋白质组成受到动态调控。而La相关蛋白LARP7是一个组成部分，甲基磷酸盖帽酶MePCE辅助磷酸化7SK snRNA的5'端。活性P-TEFb的释放紧跟着HEXIM蛋白的释放，两者都被异质核核糖核蛋白（hnRNPs）所取代。释放的P-TEFb激活了大多数细胞和病毒基因的表达。P-TEFb的调控释放决定了许多响应环境刺激和调节细胞生长、增殖和分化的基因的表达模式。
The human 7SK small nuclear RNA (snRNA) is an abundant noncoding RNA whose function has been conserved in evolution from invertebrates to humans. It is transcribed by RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII) and is located in the nucleus. Together with associated cellular proteins, 7SK snRNA regulates the activity of the positive transcription elongation factor, P-TEFb. In humans, this regulation is accomplished by the recruitment of P-TEFb by the 7SK snRNA-binding proteins, HEXIM1 or HEXIM2, which inhibit the kinase activity of P-TEFb. P-TEFb regulates the transition of promoter proximally paused RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) into productive elongation, thereby, allowing efficient mRNA production. The protein composition of the 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) is regulated dynamically. Whereas the La related protein LARP7 is a constitutive component, the methyl phosphate capping enzyme MePCE associates secondarily to phosphorylate the 5' end of 7SK snRNA. The release of active P-TEFb is closely followed by release of HEXIM proteins and both are replaced by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The released P-TEFb activates the expression of most cellular and viral genes. Regulated release of P-TEFb determines the expression pattern of many of the genes that respond to environmental stimuli and regulate growth, proliferation and differentiation of cells.
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