Macrophytes as habitat for fauna
Macrophytes as habitat for fauna
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DOI：
10.3354/meps08351
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Fredriksen, Stein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christie, Hartvig;Norderhaug, Kjell Magnus;Fredriksen, Stein
包括巨藻、海藻和海草在内的大型植物系统显示，挪威沿海沿着有丰富多样的伴生动物。在本研究中，从最近的一些研究的数据进行了汇总，并补充了新的数据，以阐明组织的大型底栖动物多样性的大型植物。目的是比较不同大小、形状、寿命和功能的水生植物的区系组成。大型底栖动物的密度经常超过10万个m（-2）的大型植物床。端足类和腹足类的密度通常较高，动物区系组成主要取决于空间微尺度上的生境结构，而动物区系丰度则取决于生境的大小。这两种模式在更大的空间尺度上是一致的。大多数动物物种具有很高的流动性和扩散率，并迅速在现有生境定居。在某些情况下，大型植物的寿命可能会影响动物群的组成。大型植物既作为栖息地又作为食物来源，但大多数动物群组成部分的摄食行为防止动物群过度放牧其栖息地。从而破坏了群落的初级生产者和基础物种。多年生水生植物主要作为颗粒有机物被消耗。植物和动物的高功能冗余对于大型植物系统的稳定性很可能是重要的。大型植物系统的稳定性和多样性被认为受到各种威胁，包括过度放牧、风暴和商业捕捞造成的迁移、富营养化和顶级捕食者的过度捕捞，同时也面临管理方面的挑战。
Macrophyte systems, including kelp, seaweed and seagrasses, have revealed high diversity and abundance of associated fauna along the Norwegian coast. In the present study, data from a number of recent studies were assembled and supplemented with new data to elucidate the Organisation of macrofaunal diversity on macrophytes. The aim was to compare faunal composition on macrophytes of different size, shape, longevity and function. Macrofaunal densities frequently exceed 1 00 000 individuals m(-2) in macrophyte beds. Commonly, high densities of amphipods and gastropods are found. The faunal composition depends mainly on habitat architecture at a spatial micro-scale, while faunal abundances depend on habitat size. These 2 patterns are consistent over larger spatial scales. Most faunal species show high mobility and dispersal rates, and they colonize available habitats rapidly. Macrophyte longevity may, in some cases, influence faunal composition. The macrophytes function both as a habitat and as a food source, but the feeding behaviour Of the majority of the faunal components prevents the fauna from overgrazing their habitat. and thus destroying the primary producer and foundation species of the community. The perennial macrophytes are mainly consumed as particulate organic matter. A high functional redundancy in both plants and animals is most likely important for the stability of the macrophyte system. The stability and diversity of macrophyte systems are found to be threatened in various ways by overgrazing, removal by storms and commercial harvesting, eutrophication and overfishing of top predators, with concurrent challenges for management.