Written Advice Given by African American Smokers to Their Peers: Qualitative Study of Motivational Messages.
Written Advice Given by African American Smokers to Their Peers: Qualitative Study of Motivational Messages.
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非裔美国人吸烟者给同龄人的书面建议：动机信息的定性研究。
DOI：
10.2196/21481
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发表时间：
2021-04-30
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Sadasivam RS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nagawa CS;Faro JM;Menon AJ;Ito Fukunaga M;Williams JH;Mourao D;Emidio OM;Davis M;Pbert L;Cutrona SL;Houston TK;Sadasivam RS
虽然非裔美国人的吸烟开始和发展为每日吸烟的比率最低，但他们不太可能实现长期戒烟。需要采取针对性的干预措施，以促进非裔美国人吸烟者使用戒烟资源。在我们过去的工作中，我们证明了技术辅助的同伴书面信息干预对增加非西班牙裔白色吸烟者戒烟的有效性。在这项形成性研究中，我们已经调整了这种干预措施，专门针对非裔美国人吸烟者。我们的目的是报告非裔美国人当前和以前的吸烟者为他们的同龄人写的信息的定性分析，以应对吸烟者面临戒烟挑战的假设情景。我们在2017年4月至2017年11月期间通过ResearchMatch招募了非裔美国成年吸烟者和既往吸烟者（n=41）。我们要求参与者为他们的同龄人写下激励信息，以回应与吸烟有关的假设场景。我们还收集了有关社会人口因素和吸烟特征的数据。进行了主题分析，以确定研究参与者提出的戒烟策略。在研究参与者中，60%（25/41）为女性。此外，超过一半（23/41，56%）正在考虑戒烟，29%（12/41）已经设定了戒烟日期，27%（11/41）在过去30天内使用过电子烟。从同伴书写信息的定性分析中得出的主题是：（1）行为策略，（2）寻求帮助，（3）生活质量的改善，（4）态度和期望，（5）正念/宗教或精神实践。在行为策略主题下，分散注意力策略是最常见的建议策略（在318条信息中引用了84次），其次是使用循证治疗/戒烟策略。在寻求帮助主题中，子主题包括从家人/朋友或亲密的社交网络（引用56次）和医疗保健专业人员（引用22次）寻求帮助或支持。从生活质量主题的改善中出现的最常见的子主题包括改善健康（引用22次）和生活质量（引用21次）。从态度和期望主题中出现的子主题包括练习积极的自我对话（引用27次），自主/独立于吸烟习惯（引用6次）和吸烟的经济成本（引用5次）。从正念/宗教或精神实践主题中出现的两个子主题是使用自我意识技术（引用36次）和宗教或精神实践来科普（引用13次）。我们的方法，以适应先前的同龄人的信息干预，以非洲裔美国人的吸烟者产生了一组基于证据的信息，可能适合吸烟者在戒烟动机的各个阶段（准备戒烟或不准备戒烟）。在未来的研究中，我们计划评估在戒烟试验中向非裔美国人吸烟者发送这些信息的影响。
Although African Americans have the lowest rates of smoking onset and progression to daily smoking, they are less likely to achieve long-term cessation. Interventions tailored to promote use of cessation resources in African American individuals who smoke are needed. In our past work, we demonstrated the effectiveness of a technology-assisted peer-written message intervention for increasing smoking cessation in non-Hispanic White smokers. In this formative study, we have adapted this intervention to be specific for African American smokers. We aimed to report on the qualitative analysis of messages written by African American current and former smokers for their peers in response to hypothetical scenarios of smokers facing cessation challenges. We recruited African American adult current and former smokers (n=41) via ResearchMatch between April 2017 and November 2017. We asked participants to write motivational messages for their peers in response to smoking-related hypothetical scenarios. We also collected data on sociodemographic factors and smoking characteristics. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify cessation strategies suggested by the study participants. Among the study participants, 60% (25/41) were female. Additionally, more than half (23/41, 56%) were thinking about quitting, 29% (12/41) had set a quit date, and 27% (11/41) had used electronic cigarettes in the past 30 days. Themes derived from the qualitative analysis of peer-written messages were (1) behavioral strategies, (2) seeking help, (3) improvements in quality of life, (4) attitudes and expectations, and (5) mindfulness/religious or spiritual practices. Under the behavioral strategies theme, distraction strategies were the most frequently suggested strategies (referenced 84 times in the 318 messages), followed by use of evidence-based treatments/cessation strategies. Within the seeking help theme, subthemes included seeking help or support from family/friends or close social networks (referenced 56 times) and health care professionals (referenced 22 times). The most frequent subthemes that emerged from improvements in the quality of life theme included improving one’s health (referenced 22 times) and quality of life (referenced 21 times). Subthemes that emerged from the attitude and expectations theme included practicing positive self-talk (referenced 27 times), autonomy/independence from the smoking habit (referenced six times), and financial cost of smoking (referenced five times). The two subthemes that emerged from the mindfulness/religious or spiritual practices theme were use of self-awareness techniques (referenced 36 times) and religious or spiritual practices to cope (referenced 13 times). Our approach to adapt a prior peer-message intervention to African American smokers yielded a set of evidence-based messages that may be suitable for smokers at all phases of motivation to quit (ready to quit or not ready to quit). In future research, we plan to assess the impact of texting these messages to African American smokers in a smoking cessation trial.