Retention of green leaves not brown leaves increases spring cynipid diversity on large valley oaks
Retention of green leaves not brown leaves increases spring cynipid diversity on large valley oaks
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保留绿叶而不是棕色叶子增加了大型山谷橡树的春季犬科动物多样性
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
R. Karban
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Pan;A. Pepi;J. Goidell;R. Karban
植物可以在冬季保留生理活性的绿色叶或不活动的棕色叶。研究表明，由于次年食草动物负荷较高，叶片保留会产生成本;然而，迄今为止，绿色和棕色叶片的保留之间没有区别。调查了高山栎生理活性绿色叶和非生理活性棕色叶的越冬保留情况，并分析了它们与15种食瘿蜂多样性和密度的关系。在春天的Cynipid多样性是8.2倍更大的树木与更多的绿色叶保留。棕色叶片保留与春季cynipid多样性，但与春季cynipid密度大幅减少20倍的大树。保留叶型一般是一个穷人的预测夏季cynipid多样性和密度。总体而言，绿色叶保留更好地解释cynipid多样性，但棕色叶保留更好地解释cynipid密度。这些不同的影响可能是因为绿色叶子提供了一个共同的线索，食草动物使用找到一个合适的主机。然而，保留的棕色叶子可能是越冬瘿蜂的生态陷阱，通常会掉到地上。
Plants can retain either physiologically active green leaves or inactive brown leaves over winter. Research has suggested that leaf retention incurs a cost due to higher herbivore load in the following year; however, no distinction has, thus, far been made between retention of green and brown leaves. We surveyed the over-winter retention of physiologically active green and inactive brown leaves of valley oaks (Quercus lobata) and examined their relationship with the diversity and density of 15 gall-making cynipid wasp species. Cynipid diversity in the spring was 8.2-fold greater on larger trees with more green leaf retention. Brown leaf retention was not associated with spring cynipid diversity, but was related to a substantial 20-fold reduction in spring cynipid densities on large trees. Retention of either leaf type was generally a poor predictor of summer cynipid diversity and density. Overall, green leaf retention better explained cynipid diversity, but brown leaf retention better explained cynipid densities. These differing effects may be explained by the fact that green leaves provide a common cue used by herbivores to find a suitable host. Retained brown leaves, however, may be an ecological trap for over-winter gall wasps that normally drop to the ground.