Hydrogen and hydrogen-derived fuels through methane decomposition of natural gas – GHG emissions and costs
Hydrogen and hydrogen-derived fuels through methane decomposition of natural gas – GHG emissions and costs
复制标题
氢气和通过天然气甲烷分解产生的氢衍生燃料——温室气体排放和成本
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecmx.2020.100043
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
M. Finkbeiner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Timmerberg;M. Kaltschmitt;M. Finkbeiner
氢气可以从甲烷的分解（也称为热解）中产生。许多研究认为，这一过程排放的温室气体（GHG）很少，因为从甲烷到氢气的反应只产生固体碳而没有CO2。本文评估了生命周期的温室气体排放量和平准化的成本提供氢气从甲烷分解三种配置（等离子体，熔融金属，热气体）。这些配置的结果，然后比较电解和蒸汽甲烷重整（SMR）与和没有CO2捕获和存储（CCS）。在全球天然气供应链条件下，甲烷分解产生的氢气仍会导致43至97克CO2当量的温室气体排放。MJ带宽主要由提供工艺热量的能源决定，即最低的排放由使用可再生电力的等离子体系统引起。与“传统”SMR（99克CO2当量/但排放量与有CCS的SMR相似（46克CO2当量/ MJ）。然而，只有用可再生电力供电的电解导致非常低的温室气体排放（3克CO2当量/ MJ）。总体而言，天然气供应是决定温室气体排放的决定性因素。与SMR相比，低于全球平均GHG排放量的天然气供应可导致所有甲烷分解配置的GHG排放量降低。甲烷分解系统（1.6至2.2 €/kg H2）生产氢气的成本远高于SMR（1.0至1.2 €/kg），但低于电解槽（2.5至3.0 €/kg）。采用CCS的SMR具有最低的CO2减排成本（24欧元/吨CO2当量，其他> 141 €/吨CO2当量）。最后，来自不同的氢供应选项的燃料进行了评估。与化石燃料（天然气和柴油/汽油）相比，只有使用可再生能源提供动力的电解氢才有可能大幅降低温室气体排放（减少90%以上）。其他氢途径仅导致略低或甚至更高的GHG排放。
Hydrogen can be produced from the decomposition of methane (also called pyrolysis). Many studies assume that this process emits few greenhouse gas (GHG) because the reaction from methane to hydrogen yields only solid carbon and no CO2. This paper assesses the life-cycle GHG emissions and the levelized costs for hydrogen provision from methane decomposition in three configurations (plasma, molten metal, and thermal gas). The results of these configurations are then compared to electrolysis and steam methane reforming (SMR) with and without CO2capture and storage (CCS). Under the global natural gas supply chain conditions, hydrogen from methane decomposition still causes significant GHG emissions between 43 and 97 g CO2-eq./MJ. The bandwidth is predominately determined by the energy source providing the process heat, i.e. the lowest emissions are caused by the plasma system using renewable electricity. This configuration shows lower GHG emissions compared to the “classical” SMR (99 g CO2-eq./MJ) but similar emissions to the SMR with CCS (46 g CO2-eq./MJ). However, only electrolysis powered with renewable electricity leads to very low GHG emissions (3 g CO2-eq./MJ). Overall, the natural gas supply is a decisive factor in determining GHG emissions. A natural gas supply with below-global average GHG emissions can lead to lower GHG emissions of all methane decomposition configurations compared to SMR. Methane decomposition systems (1.6 to 2.2 €/kg H2) produce hydrogen at costs substantially higher compared to SMR (1.0 to 1.2 €/kg) but lower than electrolyser (2.5 to 3.0 €/kg). SMR with CCS has the lowest CO2abatement costs (24 €/t CO2-eq., other > 141 €/t CO2-eq.). Finally, fuels derived from different hydrogen supply options are assessed. Substantially lower GHG emissions, compared to the fossil reference (natural gas and diesel/gasoline), are only possible if hydrogen from electrolysis powered by renewable energy is used (>90% less). The other hydrogen pathways cause only slightly lower or even higher GHG emissions.
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2001
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Sathaye;S. Schneider;T. Stocker;B. Robinson;R. Scholes;G. Richels;R. Pachauri;B. Pittock
通讯作者：
J. Sathaye;S. Schneider;T. Stocker;B. Robinson;R. Scholes;G. Richels;R. Pachauri;B. Pittock