Interferometry in an Atomic Fountain with Ytterbium Bose–Einstein Condensates
Interferometry in an Atomic Fountain with Ytterbium Bose–Einstein Condensates
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DOI：
10.3390/atoms9030058
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发表时间：
2021-07
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Daniel Gochnauer;Tahiyat Rahman;A. Wirth-Singh;Subhadeep Gupta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Daniel Gochnauer;Tahiyat Rahman;A. Wirth-Singh;Subhadeep Gupta
我们提出使实验工具和原子干涉仪实现在一个垂直的“喷泉”几何与镱玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚。为了满足重的非磁性原子的独特挑战，我们在蒸发冷却后应用形状光势来平衡重力，并演示了适用于重力梯度测量等应用的双马赫-曾德尔干涉仪。此外，我们还研究了在玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚膨胀过程中，利用脉冲光势在垂直方向上充当物质波透镜的作用。这种方法被证明比前面提到的形光势更有效。这种方法的应用导致速度扩展的减少（或等效地增加源亮度）超过五倍，我们使用双脉冲动量空间拉姆齐干涉仪证明了这一点。我们的衍射光束的垂直几何实现确保原子质心与脉冲原子光学元件保持重叠，从而允许原子干涉仪的时间超出可能的水平几何。因此，我们的结果为提高超冷镱原子干涉测量的精度提供了有用的工具。
We present enabling experimental tools and atom interferometer implementations in a vertical “fountain” geometry with ytterbium Bose–Einstein condensates. To meet the unique challenge of the heavy, non-magnetic atom, we apply a shaped optical potential to balance against gravity following evaporative cooling and demonstrate a double Mach–Zehnder interferometer suitable for applications such as gravity gradient measurements. Furthermore, we also investigate the use of a pulsed optical potential to act as a matter wave lens in the vertical direction during expansion of the Bose–Einstein condensate. This method is shown to be even more effective than the aforementioned shaped optical potential. The application of this method results in a reduction of velocity spread (or equivalently an increase in source brightness) of more than a factor of five, which we demonstrate using a two-pulse momentum-space Ramsey interferometer. The vertical geometry implementation of our diffraction beams ensures that the atomic center of mass maintains overlap with the pulsed atom optical elements, thus allowing extension of atom interferometer times beyond what is possible in a horizontal geometry. Our results thus provide useful tools for enhancing the precision of atom interferometry with ultracold ytterbium atoms.