Addiction mortality in the United States 1980: tobacco alcohol and other substances.
Addiction mortality in the United States 1980: tobacco alcohol and other substances.
复制标题
1980 年美国成瘾死亡率：烟草酒精和其他物质。
DOI：
10.2307/1973289
复制
发表时间：
1984
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Ravenholt Rt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ravenholt Rt
调查了关于烟草、酒精、海洛因、可卡因和其他药物的文献，并获得了最近有关文章的标题、摘要和副本，以便对成瘾死亡率作出总体估计。1980年美国每种原因的死亡率数据是从国家卫生统计中心获得的，以便于按离散类别识别与药物有关的死亡。政府机构的同事提供了相关出版物，并参加了工作组关于方法和结论的讨论。表中列出了20世纪50年代和60年代美国成年男性吸烟导致的超额死亡率的两项基础广泛的流行病学研究的数据。这些研究表明，至少80%的男性肺癌死亡可归因于吸烟，吸烟者的总超额死亡率是吸烟者和非吸烟者合并人群中肺癌死亡人数的5倍以上。使用肺癌死亡人数作为吸烟总死亡人数的指数，据估计，1960年美国约有25万人死于吸烟，1966年美国约有30万人死于吸烟。由于心血管疾病死亡率在过去15年中大幅下降，而肺癌死亡率继续增加，因此必须通过另一项关于20世纪80年代吸烟和吸烟死亡率的广泛前瞻性研究来重新校准吸烟导致的总超额死亡率的肺癌指数。吸烟导致的第三大类过度死亡包括非癌症但破坏生命的呼吸系统疾病。1980年，由于吸烟而导致的非癌性呼吸系统疾病的成人死亡人数估计约为61000人。流行病学研究一致表明，吸烟者的消化性溃疡发病率和死亡率高于非吸烟者。在家庭和旅馆中，很大一部分火灾是由吸烟引起的，1980年估计有25万人死于吸烟引起的意外火灾。据估计，1980年美国因吸烟而死亡的人数约为485000人。1980年，10万人死于酒精，约占1980年美国总死亡率的5%。据估计，1980年美国因急性药物过量导致的死亡人数可能超过5000人。
The literature on tobacco alcohol heroin cocaine and other drugs was surveyed and titles abstracts and copies of recent relevant articles were obtained in the effort to make an overall estimate of addiction mortality. A printout of US mortality by every cause in 1980 was obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics to facilitate identification of drug-related deaths by discrete categories. Colleagues in government agencies provided pertinent publications and participated in work group discussions of methods and findings. Data from 2 broad-based epidemiological studies of excess mortality from smoking among adult US males during the 1950s and 1960s are presented in tables. These studies indicate that at least 80% of male deaths from lung cancer were attributable to smoking and that total excess mortality among smokers was more than 5 times the number of lung cancer deaths in the combined population of smokers and nonsmokers. Using lung cancer deaths as an index of total deaths from smoking it was estimated that there were approximately 250000 deaths from smoking in the US during 1960 and there were about 300000 such deaths in the US during 1966. Because cardiovascular disease death rates have fallen substantially during the last 15 years while lung cancer death rates have continued to increase the lung cancer index of total excess mortality from smoking must be recalibrated by means of another broad-gauged prospective study of smoking and mortality from smoking during the 1980s. The 3rd major category of excess mortality from smoking is comprised of the noncancerous but life destroying diseases of the respiratory system. Total adult mortality from noncancerous diseases of the respiratory system in 1980 attributable to smoking is estimated to have been about 61000 deaths. Epidemiological studies consistently show higher peptic ulcer disease morbidity and mortality rates for smokers than for nonsmokers. A large proportion of fires in homes and hotels are caused by smoking an estimated 250000 deaths from accidental fires caused by smoking in 1980. It is estimated that the total number of excess deaths in the US in 1980 attributable to smoking cigarettes was approximately 485000. The 100000 deaths ascribed to alcohol in 1980 represent approximately 5% of total US mortality in 1980. It is estimated that US mortality in 1980 attributable to acute overdose probably exceeded 5000 deaths.