Wing folding and the functional morphology of the wing base in Coleoptera
Wing folding and the functional morphology of the wing base in Coleoptera
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DOI：
10.1078/0944-2006-00017
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Beutel, RG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Haas, F;Beutel, RG
利用数字视频（50 half fps）和高速视频（1000 fps）记录了边缘厚腹蛛（Pachnoda marginata）的翅膀展开过程，并对后胸的骨骼-肌肉器官进行了描述。左、右后翅能相互独立地发育。当鞘翅被抬起时，后翅不会立即展开，也可能在仍然折叠的情况下达到飞行位置（并拍打）。翅膀的提升是穷尽的，展开所需的时间也有很大的不同。这些观察结果强烈表明肌肉控制。翅的展开可能是由M的收缩引起的。第三腋骨片向近端运动，向后拉动中膜后部，而桡骨前部由基底肌作为拮抗肌保持。我们的研究结果与先前的假设形成鲜明对比，即鞘翅目昆虫的后翅由于内在的弹性而展开或折叠。鞘翅目昆虫特有的翅折叠和展开机制是鞘翅目昆虫的自态特征。它们在进化过程中得到保持，即使骨骼胸部结构、肌肉系统和脉序发生了相当大的变化。（更多资料可从动物学网页获取：http：//www.urbanfischer.de/journals/zoology）
The wing unfolding of Pachnoda marginata was examined using digital video (50 half-fps) and high speed video sequences (1000 fps), and the skeleto-muscular apparatus of the metathorax was described. Left and right hind wing are able to promote independently of each other. The hind wings do not unfold instantly when the elytra are lifted and may also reach the flight position (and beat) while still folded. Wing promotion is exhaustible and the time needed for unfolding varies considerably. These observations strongly suggest a muscular control. Wing unfolding is probably triggered by contraction of M. pleura alaris and a resulting proximad movement of the 3rd axillary sclerite, pulling the Media posterior backwards, while the Radius anterior is held by the basalar muscle as the antagonist. Our findings are in clear contrast to the earlier assumption that the hind wings of Coleoptera either unfold or fold due to intrinsic elasticity. The specific wing folding and unfolding mechanisms are autapomorphic character states of Coleoptera. They were maintained during evolution even thou-h considerable variations of skeletal thoracic structures, musculature and venation occurred. (Additional material is available from the Zoology web page: http://www.urbanfischer.de/journals/zoology)