A human's best friend comes to The Anatomical Record: A special issue explores the world of the dog
A human's best friend comes to The Anatomical Record: A special issue explores the world of the dog
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人类最好的朋友来到《解剖记录》：特刊探索狗的世界
DOI：
10.1002/ar.24539
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Albertine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Laitman;K. Albertine
当我们在初秋撰写这篇文章时，我们的世界仍在Covid-19大流行的无情压力下工作。我们的宇宙中充斥着那些受苦的人、哀悼的人、害怕沉默的野兽的人似乎永无休止的无声的哭声。甚至我们这个世界的自然之美也受到了影响：犹他州的金碧辉煌的山峰失去了一些光彩（部分原因是由于最近一波无情的大火产生了可怕的烟雾）；纽约引以为傲的百老汇大银幕上的灯光暗淡了下来，往常温暖的光芒黯然失色。我们最喜欢的餐馆都关门了，很多我们担心会永远关门。那些经常冒险走在街上的机器人的脸隐藏在面具后面，夺走了我们所有人的微笑。与同事们分享我们的科学的旅行只是一种珍贵的记忆（我们甚至怀念与那些不同意我们立场的人的角斗士般的相遇；好吧，也许有一些脾气暴躁的人我们不会因为没有听到而流泪！）甚至我们的孩子和孙子也受到了影响，因为他们平常有趣/令人毛骨悚然的万圣节服装被扔进了壁橱，因为我们一年一度的集体糖果和玩具之旅成为了这个死神的牺牲品。不可否认，我们当前世界的痛苦是无情的，令人筋疲力尽的；没有什么能让我们振作起来，也没有什么能带来温暖的微笑。但是，还有菲多。或是雷克斯，或是小不点，或是小姐，或是流浪汉，或是少女。对于我们这些有幸与人类最好的朋友分享世界的人来说，当我们回到家，或者只是走下楼梯，遇到我们忠实的伴侣时，我们日子里的痛苦和悲伤都被暂时遗忘了。迎接我们的天生的热情，温暖的感官互动（他们舔，我们亲吻或抚摸，都释放了我们的内啡肽）立即把我们的皱眉变成了微笑。这些看似简单的相遇，实际上是数千年共同生活的最终产物。我们的“特殊关系”可能在哺乳动物世界中是独一无二的，不仅是彼此接近，相互容忍，或者是某种共生的主客关系。事实上，有人认为，人类的成功在一定程度上可能是由于人类和狗之间的铁纽带。哺乳动物近亲之间的这种独特联系是本月特刊的主题。这本名为《狗与人的关系》的书由宾西法尼亚州滑石大学的副主编蒂莫西·d·史密斯和加州大学洛杉矶分校的布莱尔·范·瓦尔肯伯格客座编辑。这期杂志从解剖学、生理学、进化甚至行为方向上聚焦于狗的许多显著特征，以及这些特征如何影响我们的关系（Smith & Van Valkenburgh, 2021，本期）。这个问题在很大程度上是由解剖学记录赞助的研讨会“狗与人的联系：进化、形态和行为”引起的，该研讨会由Blaire Van Valkenburgh、Adam Miklósi、greg Larson、Jeff Laitman和Tim Smith组织，于2019年7月在布拉格举行的第12届国际脊椎动物形态学大会上举行。在惊叹于这座古城的非凡之美和拥抱其美味的食物（和啤酒！）之间，参与者深入而广泛地探索了我们最忠实的伙伴的神奇世界。Smith和Van Valkenburgh是我们杂志的定期撰稿人，例如，他们之前合作制作了一本现在很经典的特刊“脊椎动物鼻子：进化、结构和功能”（Laitman, 2014; Laitman & Albertine, 2014; Van Valkenburgh, Smith, & Craven, 2014）。两者都是解剖学和动物学领域的明星，他们产生了深刻的科学见解，并培养了——正如他们在这里所做的那样——健全的思想和综合的方法，以理解他们的目标的更广阔的图景。布莱尔——我们对学术细节都太熟悉了——是食肉动物的女王，对它们现在和过去的世界进行了许多方面的研究和发表（例如，Van Valkenburg, 2014）。事实上，作为一名脊椎动物古生物学家，她的工作深入研究了一些历史上最壮观的动物，比如可怕的狼或剑齿虎。值得注意的是，作为一个生活在大自然中最可怕的群体中，有着爪子和巨大的犬齿的人，布莱尔是最体贴、善良、温柔、最受欢迎的科学家之一。关于《解剖记录》杂志的同事蒂姆·史密斯，我们在他负责的特刊之前的社论中没有说过什么新鲜事。收稿日期：2020年10月13日收稿日期：2020年10月13日
As we pen this article during the first crispness of fall, our world still labors under the unrelenting weight of the Covid-19 pandemic. Our universe is heavy with what seems like the never-ceasing silent cries of those afflicted, those mourning, and those fearing the silent beast. Even the physical beauty of our world has been affected: Utah's resplendent peaks have lost some of their luster (in part, the result of fearful smoke from a wave of unrelenting, recent fires); and the lights on New York's vaunted Broadway marquees have gone dim, putting a grey pallor on its usual warm glow. Our favorite restaurants are shuttered, many we fear permanently. And the faces of those who often robotically venture out to walk the streets are hidden behind masks that rob us all of our smiles. Travel to share our science with colleagues is but a cherished memory (we even miss our usual gladiatorlike encounters with those disagreeing with our positions; ok, maybe there are a few curmudgeons we do not shed a tear over not hearing!). Even our children and grandchildren are affected as their usual funny/creepy Halloween costumes are relegated to the closet as our annual communal trek for candy and toys falls victim to this grim reaper. The pain of our current world is undeniably unrelenting and draining; there is little to lift our spirits or bring a warming smile. But, then, there is Fido. Or Rex, or Spot, or Lady, or Tramp, or Lassie. For those of us fortunate to share our world with a human's best friend, the miseries and robbing sadness of our days are momentarily forgotten when we come home, or just walk down the stairs, and are met by our loyal companion. The innate exuberance that greets us, the warming sensorial interactions (them licking, us kissing or petting, both freeing our endorphins) instantly changes our frown to a smile. These seemingly simple encounters are actually the end product of thousands of years of cohabitation. Not only being in proximity to one another, tolerating one another, or some symbiotic host/guest relationship, our “special relationship” is probably unique in the mammalian world. Indeed, the very success of our species, it has been argued, may well in part be due to the iron bond between humans and dogs. This unique bond between mammalian kin is the topic of this month's Special Issue. Entitled, “The Dog– Human Connection,” it is Guest Edited by Associate Editor Timothy D. Smith of Slippery Rock University in Pennsylvania and Blaire Van Valkenburgh of the University of California, Los Angeles. The issue focuses a shining light on the many remarkable features of dogs from anatomical, physiological, evolutionary, and even behavioral directions, and how these have affected our bond Smith & Van Valkenburgh, 2021, this issue). The issue arose in large part from an Anatomical Record sponsored symposium, “The Dog–Human Connection: Evolution, Morphology and Behavior,” organized by Blaire Van Valkenburgh, Adam Miklósi, Greger Larson, Jeff Laitman, and Tim Smith and held at the 12th International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology in Prague in July of 2019. In between marveling at the extraordinary beauty of this ancient city and embracing its fabulous food (and beers!), the participants delve deeply and broadly into the amazing world of our most loyal companions. Smith and Van Valkenburgh are regular contributors to our journal, for example, having teamed up previously to produce a now classic special issue on “The Vertebrate Nose: Evolution, Structure, and Function” (Laitman, 2014; Laitman & Albertine, 2014; Van Valkenburgh, Smith, & Craven, 2014). Both are stars in the anatomical and zoological firmament, having produced insightful science and fostered—as they have here—robust thought and integrated approaches to comprehending a broader picture of their target. Blaire—we are all too familiar for scholarly niceties—is the queen of the carnivorans and has studied and published on numerous aspects of their current and past worlds (e.g., Van Valkenburg, 2014). Indeed, as a vertebrate paleontologist, her work delves into some of history's most spectacular animals such as dire wolves or sabertoothed cats. Remarkably, for one who lives among nature's most fearsome groups with their claws and massive canines, Blaire is one of the most thoughtful, kind, gentle, and enlisting of scientists to work with. There is little new to say about our Anatomical Record colleague, Tim Smith, that we have not said in previous editorials for the special issues that he has overseen. Tim is an Received: 13 October 2020 Accepted: 13 October 2020