Neutrino Geoscience: Review, survey, future prospects
Neutrino Geoscience: Review, survey, future prospects
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发表时间：
2022-09
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通讯作者：
W. McDonough;H. Watanabe;T. Nakagawa;Madhusoodhan Satish Kumar
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作者：
W. McDonough;H. Watanabe;T. Nakagawa;Madhusoodhan Satish Kumar
地球表面的热量flUX为46±3TW(太瓦，10 12瓦)。尽管许多人假设我们知道地球上放射性产热元素(即铀、钍和钾)的丰度和分布，但对地幔产热量的估计不同一个数量级，以及最近的粒子物理学fi结果挑战了我们的主导范式。地质学家预测地球的辐射产生功率为20±10TW，而粒子物理实验预测为15.3+4。9−4.9 TW(日本卡姆兰德)和38.2+13。6−12.7TW(Borexino，意大利)。我们欢迎这次机会，以强调物理学界提供的ff的根本重要资源，并呼吁注意与描述地球地质特征有关的缺点。我们回顾了陆基物理实验的fi结果和地质学的预测，并评估了大陆岩石圈和下地幔的物理测量和预测模型之间的误判(fi)程度。因为我们对大陆的了解有些不确定(7.1+2。1.−1.6TW)，地幔(3.5TW至32TW)和块状硅酸盐地球(地壳+地幔)中的放射性产生能力的模型仍然不确定，分别为∼10和∼4。在远离大陆的海洋中探测到地球中微子信号，ff就有可能解决这种紧张局势。中微子地球科学是研究大陆壳幔成分及其结构的强有力的新工具。
The earth’s surface heat flux is 46 ± 3 TW (terrawatts, 10 12 watts). Although many assume we know the earth’s abundance and distribution of radioactive heat producing elements (i.e., U, Th, and K), estimates for the mantle’s heat production varying by an order of magnitude and recent particle physics findings challenge our dominant paradigm. Geologists predict the earth’s budget of radiogenic power at 20 ± 10 TW, whereas particle physics experiments predict 15.3 +4 . 9 − 4 . 9 TW (KamLAND, Japan) and 38.2 +13 . 6 − 12 . 7 TW (Borexino, Italy). We welcome this opportunity to highlight the fundamentally important resource offered by the physics community and call attention to the shortcomings associated with the characterization of the geology of the earth. We review the findings from continent-based, physics experiments, the predictions from geology, and assess the degree of mis-fit between the physics measurements and predicted models of the continental lithosphere and underlying mantle. Because our knowledge of the continents is somewhat uncertain (7.1 +2 . 1 − 1 . 6 TW), models for the radiogenic power in the mantle (3.5 to 32 TW) and the bulk silicate earth (crust plus mantle) continue to be uncertain by a factor of ∼ 10 and ∼ 4, respectively. Detection of a geoneutrino signal in the ocean, far from the influence of continents, offers the potential to resolve this tension. Neutrino geoscience is a powerful new tool to interrogate the composition of the continental crust and mantle and its structures.