Periodical cicadas
Periodical cicadas
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周期蝉
DOI：
10.1038/341288c0
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发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Andrew Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chris Simon;Andrew Martin
第一个问题涉及Arnold等人的主张。扫描电子显微镜显示乳胶手套中存在通道和小孔，这让人怀疑这种手套是否能有效地阻挡病毒。随后指出，这些通道可能是样品制备过程中的假象，“没有证据表明病毒能够通过乳胶手套”。我们现在已经发现临床和研究实验室戴的手套很容易被λ噬菌体穿透。我们比较了由薄聚乙烯（PE）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）和乳胶制成的手套在暴露于消毒剂乙醇（70%）之前和之后被该病毒渗透的能力。在静态条件下测试覆盖手掌的手套部分。PE和PVC手套分别在40%和22%的试验中未能有效阻隔病毒，暴露于酒精后分别上升到94%和56%。使用乳胶手套的试验失败率为1- 2%。虽然这项研究不涉及特定的人类病原体，但它对那些选择手套处理生物危害材料的人提出了警告，并说明了需要更好的手套测试标准和质量控制。我们的第二份报告是对“许多S-蛋氨酸溶液释放挥发性放射性成分，这可能会造成密封问题”的调查结果的回应。我们还没有发现用于“S-标记化合物”的培养箱像那些被污染的一样受到高度污染。我们研究了在受控条件下，在开放和封闭容器中”S-蛋氨酸“的挥发性。在密闭容器中孵育4小时后，只有0.01- 0.1“Yo的”S“是挥发性形式。虽然挥发性成分是很容易溶于水，其损失的功能的体积孵育和蒸汽压是独立的水分从孵育介质的蒸发。依赖活性炭过滤器来捕获挥发性”S-化合物“是不必要的，因为发现化合物与这种过滤器的结合是非定量的和可逆的。挥发性S组分的释放可通过在高湿度培养箱中在足够体积的培养基（14 ml mCi-1）中培养培养容器来控制，以降低培养培养基的蒸发速率。或使用CO。充气和密封烧瓶，或使用密封塑料袋中的培养皿。Tricine（. 10 mM）。有效的稳定剂。应
The first concerns the claim by Arnold et al.'that the existence of channels and pores in latex gloves revealed by scanning electron microscopy raises doubts about whether such gloves are effective barriers to viruses. It was subsequently pointed out that these channels may be artefacts of sample preparation'and that there is no evidence that viruses are able to pass through latex gloves''. We have now found that gloves worn in clinical and research laboratories can he readily penetrated by a bacterial virusbacteriophage lambda. We compared the ability of gloves made of thin polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and latex to be penetrated by this virus both before and after exposure to the disinfectant ethanol (70%). Sections of the gloves that cover the palm were tested under static conditions. Gloves of PE and PVC failed to be effective barriers to the virus in 40% and 22% of trials, respectively, rising to 94% and 56% after exposure to alcohol. The trials using latex gloves had a failure rate of 1-2%. Although this study did not involve specific human pathogens, it serves as a warning to those selecting gloves for handling biohazardous materials and illustrates the need for better glove testing standards and quality control. Our second report is in response to the findings''that many solutions of" S-methionine release volatile radioactive component (s), which can present containment problems. We have not found incubators used for''S-Iabelled compounds to he as highly contaminated as those reported'. We studied the volatility of" S-methionine under controlled conditions in open and closed containers. After incubation for 4 hours in closed containers, only 0.01-0.1'Yo of the''S was in volatile form. Although the volatile component was readily soluble in water, its loss-a function of the volume incubated and the vapour pressure-was independent of the evaporation of water from the incubation medium. Reliance on charcoal filters to trap the volatile" S-compound'is unwarranted as binding of the compound to such filters was found to he non-quantitative and reversible. The release of volatile''S-component (s) can be controlled by incubating culture vessels in a sufficient volume of media (14 ml mCi-') in an incubator with high humidity to reduce the evaporation rate of the incubation media. or by using a CO.-gassed and sealed flask, or by using Petri dishes in sealed plastic bags. Tricine (.'iO mM). an effective stabilizer. should be