Genetic analysis of chloroplast biogenesis, and function and mutant collections
Genetic analysis of chloroplast biogenesis, and function and mutant collections
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叶绿体生物发生、功能和突变体集合的遗传分析
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4939-8654-5_23
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kobayashi Koichi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fujii Sho;Wada Hajime;Kobayashi Koichi
自从DNA被发现为生命的密码以来，遗传分析极大地促进了我们对包括植物和藻类在内的各种生物中基因型和表型之间的关系以及相关分子机制的理解。从表型到基因型的正向遗传学已经确定了由化学、电离辐射或DNA插入诱变诱导的感兴趣表型的致病基因。同时，从基因型到表型的反向遗传学研究揭示了已知基因序列的生理和分子作用。在过去的十几年中，许多分子遗传学工具已经发展到快速和有效地研究基因功能。在本章中，我们介绍了正向和反向遗传学的几种方法，包括随机化学和DNA插入诱变，激活标签，RNA干扰，基因过表达和诱导系统，并以拟南芥叶绿体生物学的遗传研究为例。我们还简要介绍了化学和DNA插入诱变的方法，以及如何从公共收藏品中获得序列标记的突变体。随着DNA测序和基因组编辑技术的极大改进，模式生物以及各种物种都可以用于分子生物学。遗传分析在阐明叶绿体的生物发生和功能方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。
Since the time DNA was discovered as the code of life, genetic analysis has greatly advanced our understanding of the relation between genotype and phenotype and associated molecular mechanisms in various organisms including plants and algae. Forward genetics from phenotype to genotype has identified causal genes of interesting phenotypes induced by chemical, ionizing-radiation, or DNA insertional mutagenesis. Meanwhile, reverse genetics from genotype to phenotype has revealed physiological and molecular roles of known gene sequences. During the past dozen years, many molecular genetic tools have been developed to investigate gene functions quickly and efficiently. In this chapter, we introduce several approaches of forward and reverse genetics, including random chemical and DNA insertional mutagenesis, activation tagging, RNA interference, and gene overexpression and induction systems, with some examples of genetic studies of chloroplast biology mainly inArabidopsis thaliana. We also briefly describe methods for chemical and DNA insertion mutagenesis and how to obtain sequence-tagged mutants from public collections. With greatly improved DNA sequencing and genome-editing technologies, model organisms as well as diverse species can be used for molecular biology. Genetic analysis can play an increasingly important role in elucidating chloroplast biogenesis and functions.