The Neuronal Group Selection Theory: a framework to explain variation in normal motor development
The Neuronal Group Selection Theory: a framework to explain variation in normal motor development
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DOI：
10.1017/s0012162200001067
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发表时间：
2000-08-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Hadders-Algra, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hadders-Algra, M
在上个世纪，随着复杂的生理学、神经化学和成像技术的发展，对支配中枢神经系统功能的机制的认识迅速增加。在运动控制领域，对神经生理学的更好理解导致运动行为在很大程度上由反射机制控制的概念逐渐转变为运动性是复杂的脊髓或脑干活动的净结果的概念，这是由节段传入信息微妙地调制并由脊髓上网络巧妙地控制的。如今，人们认为运动、呼吸、吸吮和咀嚼等有节奏运动的运动控制是基于所谓的中央模式发生器（CPG）：神经元网络，它可以在没有任何感觉信号的情况下产生复杂的肌肉基本激活模式。然而，运动的感觉信息在使运动适应环境方面是重要的。网络的活动通常位于脊髓或脑干中，通过下行运动通路从脊髓上区域控制。脊髓上的活动本身被组织成大规模的网络，在这些网络中，皮层区域通过直接的递归相互作用或通过中间皮层或皮层下（纹状体、小脑）结构在功能上连接起来。
During the last century, knowledge of the mechanisms governing the functions of the central nervous system increased rapidly as sophisticated physiological, neurochemical, and imaging techniques developed. In the field of motor control, better understanding of neurophysiology caused a gradual shift from the concept that motor behaviour is largely controlled by reflex mechanisms towards the notion that motility is the net result of complex spinal or brainstem activity, which is subtly modulated by segmental afferent information and ingeniously controlled by supraspinal networks. Nowadays it is assumed that motor control of rhythmical movements like locomotion, respiration, sucking, and mastication is based on so-called central pattern generators (CPGs): neuronal networks which can generate complex basic activation patterns of the muscles without any sensory signals. Nevertheless, sensory information of the movement is important in adapting the movement to the environment. The activity of the networks, which are usually located in the spinal cord or brainstem, is controlled from supraspinal areas via descending motor pathways. The supraspinal activity itself is organized in large-scale networks in which cortical areas are functionally connected through direct recursive interaction or through intermediary cortical or subcortical (striatal, cerebellar) structures.