Kinematic Structure and Dynamics of the Denmark Strait Overflow from Ship-Based Observations

Kinematic Structure and Dynamics of the Denmark Strait Overflow from Ship-Based Observations
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船基观测丹麦海峡溢流的运动结构和动力学

DOI:
10.1175/jpo-d-20-0095.1
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Pratt, Lawrence J.
Pratt, Lawrence J.
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lin, Peigen;Pickart, Robert S.;Jochumsen, Kerstin;Moore, G. W.;Valdimarsson, Héðinn;Fristedt, Tim;Pratt, Lawrence J.

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穿过丹麦海峡的密集外流是大西洋经向翻转环流下肢的最大贡献者,但对海峡两岸完整速度场的描述仍然不完整。在这里,我们分析了 1993 年至 2018 年期间获得的丹麦海峡基台 Látrabjarg 断面沿线的一组 22 个船上水文速度剖面。这些剖面首次提供了基台处运动学组成部分的完整视图:陆架断裂的东格陵兰洋流 (EGC)、分离的 EGC 和北冰岛急流 (NIJ) 的合并流,以及向北流动的北冰岛伊尔明格洋流 (NIIC)。溢流水的总平均输送量为 3.54 ± 0.29 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106m3s−1),与之前的估计相当。稠密溢流按水体成分和流量成分进行划分。两种溢流水(大西洋源溢流水和北极源溢流水)的平均输送量在丹麦海峡相当,而合并后的 NIJ 分离的 EGC 输送的水量比陆架 EGC 多 55%。当分支在丹麦海峡汇聚时,分支之间会发生大量的水体交换。存在两种主要的时变流动配置,其特征为气旋状态和非气旋状态。这些似乎是风驱动的。位涡分析表明,通过丹麦海峡的水流受到对称不稳定的影响。这发生在溢流层的顶部,这意味着改变溢流水的混合/夹带过程从基台开始。
The dense outflow through Denmark Strait is the largest contributor to the lower limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, yet a description of the full velocity field across the strait remains incomplete. Here we analyze a set of 22 shipboard hydrographic–velocity sections occupied along the Látrabjarg transect at the Denmark Strait sill, obtained over the time period 1993–2018. The sections provide the first complete view of the kinematic components at the sill: the shelfbreak East Greenland Current (EGC), the combined flow of the separated EGC, and the North Icelandic Jet (NIJ), and the northward-flowing North Icelandic Irminger Current (NIIC). The total mean transport of overflow water is 3.54 ± 0.29 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106m3s−1), comparable to previous estimates. The dense overflow is partitioned in terms of water mass constituents and flow components. The mean transports of the two types of overflow water—Atlantic-origin Overflow Water and Arctic-origin Overflow Water—are comparable in Denmark Strait, while the merged NIJ–separated EGC transports 55% more water than the shelfbreak EGC. A significant degree of water mass exchange takes place between the branches as they converge in Denmark Strait. There are two dominant time-varying configurations of the flow that are characterized as a cyclonic state and a noncyclonic state. These appear to be wind-driven. A potential vorticity analysis indicates that the flow through Denmark Strait is subject to symmetric instability. This occurs at the top of the overflow layer, implying that the mixing/entrainment process that modifies the overflow water begins at the sill.
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DOI: --
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