AVOIDANCE MECHANISMS OF 3 PIERIS BUTTERFLY SPECIES AGAINST THE PARASITOID WASP APANTELES-GLOMERATUS
AVOIDANCE MECHANISMS OF 3 PIERIS BUTTERFLY SPECIES AGAINST THE PARASITOID WASP APANTELES-GLOMERATUS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2311.1990.tb00798.x
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发表时间：
1990-05-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
SATO, Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
OHSAKI, N;SATO, Y
实验研究表明，三种菜粉蝶（P. rapae L.、P. melete Menetries 和 P. napi L.）的幼虫会受到寄生蜂 Apanteles glomeratus L. 的攻击。虽然菜粉蝶幼虫在田间被大量寄生，但 P. melete 和 P. napi 很少成功寄生，因为它们具有封装寄生蜂的机制。幼虫和 避免寄生。本研究考察了球粉蝶在田间对三种菜粉蝶寄生率的空间和时间变化。我们试图确定油菜对虾是否具有避免这种黄蜂寄生的手段，然后推断为什么黑芥菜和油菜对虾都比菜菜对虾具有更独特的回避机制。我们的结果表明，在临时栖息地，即白菜青菜的主要栖息地，油菜青菜能够在寄生蜂到达之前通过在新的栖息地定植来在时间和空间上逃离球菜青菜。然而，在永久栖息地中，这种逃脱是不可能的。菜青虫幼虫缺乏降低永久栖息地寄生率的生理或行为回避机制。相比之下，P. melet 和 P. napi 只生活在永久栖息地，那里的寄生压力可能很高，并且进化出了主动回避机制。
Experimental studies have shown that larvae of three Pieris butterflies, P. rapae L., P. melete Menetries and P. napi L., are attacked by a parasitoid wasp, Apanteles glomeratus L. Although P. rapae larvae are parasitized heavily in the field, P. melete and P. napi are infrequently parasitized successfully because they possess mechanisms for encapulating parasitoid larvae and for avoiding paratitism. This study examines spatial and temporal variation in rates of parastitism of the three Pieris species by A. glomeratus in the field. We attempted to determine whether P. rapae possesses any means of avoiding parasitism by this wasp, and then to deduce why both P. melete and P. napi have more distinctive avoidance mechnisms than P. rapae. Our results indicatee that in temporary habitats, which are the main habitats of P. rapa, P. rapae is able to escape A. glomeratus in time and space by colonizing new habitats before the parasitoid arrives. In permanent habitats, however, such escape is not possible. P. rapae larvae lack physiological or behavioural avoidance mechanisms of reducing parasitism rates in permanent habitats. P. melet and P. napi, in contrast, line only in permanent habitats, where the parasitic pressure is potentially high, and evolved active avoidance mechanisms.