Integrated management of fusarium wilt of chickpea with sowing date, host resistance, and biological control.
Integrated management of fusarium wilt of chickpea with sowing date, host resistance, and biological control.
复制标题
鹰嘴豆枯萎病的播期、寄主抗性和生物防治的综合防治。
DOI：
10.1094/phyto.2004.94.9.946
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
R. Jiménez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Landa;J. A. Navas‐Cortés;R. Jiménez
摘要 在受尖孢镰刀菌 (Fusarium oxysporum f.) 侵染的田间小块土地上进行了为期 3 年的实验。 sp。 ciceris race 5 在西班牙科尔多瓦举行，旨在评估鹰嘴豆枯萎病综合管理策略的功效，该策略结合了播种日期的选择、部分抗性鹰嘴豆基因型的使用以及使用生物防治剂巨大芽孢杆菌 RGAF 51、枯草芽孢杆菌 GB03、非致病性尖孢镰刀菌 Fo 90105 和假单胞菌的种子和土壤处理florescens RG 26。将播种日期从早春提前到冬季可以显着延迟疾病的发生，降低最终的疾病强度（结合了疾病发生率和严重程度的微区中的疾病数量，以该微区中最大可能疾病数量的百分比表示），并增加鹰嘴豆种子产量。研究发现，疾病随时间的发展与实验地点的天气变量之间存在显着的线性关系，随着平均气温升高和累积降雨量减少，流行病发展得更早、更快。在非常有利于镰刀菌枯萎病发展的条件下，疾病控制程度主要取决于播种日期的选择，并在较小程度上取决于鹰嘴豆基因型对尖孢镰刀菌的抗性水平。 sp。 ciceris小种5，以及生物防治治疗。播种日期、部分抗性基因型和生物防治剂的主要影响分别是随时间推移流行病发展速度的降低、疾病强度的降低和鹰嘴豆幼苗出苗的增加。鹰嘴豆种子产量受到研究中所有三个因素的影响。鹰嘴豆种子产量的增加是生物防治剂最一致的效果。然而，这种效应主要受到播种日期的影响，播种日期也决定了疾病的发展。疾病管理中生物防治治疗的有效性在一月播种时最低，这对镰刀菌枯萎病最不利。二月播种对于枯萎病的发展有一定的促进作用，生物防治剂使种子产量增加最多。三月播种最有利于该病害的发生，生物防治剂延迟了病害的发作并增加了出苗率。枯草芽孢杆菌 GB03 和荧光假单胞菌 RG 26 单独施用或分别与非致病性尖孢镰刀菌 Fo 90105 组合施用，分别是抑制镰刀菌枯萎病或延迟疾病发作和增加种子产量的最有效治疗方法。这项研究的结果证明了将现有的控制措施（本身部分有效）与其他控制措施相结合的重要性，以实现对镰刀菌枯萎病的适当管理和地中海环境中鹰嘴豆种子产量的增加。
ABSTRACT A 3-year experiment was conducted in field microplots infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 5 at Córdoba, Spain, in order to assess efficacy of an integrated management strategy for Fusarium wilt of chickpea that combined the choice of sowing date, use of partially resistant chickpea genotypes, and seed and soil treatments with biocontrol agents Bacillus megaterium RGAF 51, B. subtilis GB03, nonpathogenic F. oxysporum Fo 90105, and Pseudomonas fluorescens RG 26. Advancing the sowing date from early spring to winter significantly delayed disease onset, reduced the final disease intensity (amount of disease in a microplot that combines disease incidence and severity, expressed as a percentage of the maximum possible amount of disease in that microplot), and increased chickpea seed yield. A significant linear relationship was found between disease development over time and weather variables at the experimental site, with epidemics developing earlier and faster as mean temperature increased and accumulated rainfall decreased. Under conditions highly conducive for Fusarium wilt development, the degree of disease control depended primarily on choice of sowing date, and to a lesser extent on level of resistance of chickpea genotypes to F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 5, and the biocontrol treatments. The main effects of sowing date, partially resistant genotypes, and biocontrol agents were a reduction in the rate of epidemic development over time, a reduction of disease intensity, and an increase in chickpea seedling emergence, respectively. Chickpea seed yield was influenced by all three factors in the study. The increase in chickpea seed yield was the most consistent effect of the biocontrol agents. However, that effect was primarily influenced by sowing date, which also determined disease development. Effectiveness of biocontrol treatments in disease management was lowest in January sowings, which were least favorable for Fusarium wilt. Sowing in February, which was moderately favorable for wilt development, resulted in the greatest increase in seed yield by the biocontrol agents. In March sowings, which were most conducive for the disease, the biocontrol agents delayed disease onset and increased seedling emergence. B. subtilis GB03 and P. fluorescens RG 26, applied either alone or each in combination with nonpathogenic F. oxysporum Fo 90105, were the most effective treatments at suppressing Fusarium wilt, or delaying disease onset and increasing seed yield, respectively. The importance of integrating existing control practices, partially effective by themselves, with other control measures to achieve appropriate management of Fusarium wilt and increase of seed yield in chickpea in Mediterranean-type environments is demonstrated by the results of this study.