Conventional Forces can Explain the Anomalous Acceleration of Pioneer 10
Conventional Forces can Explain the Anomalous Acceleration of Pioneer 10
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常规力可以解释先锋 10 号的反常加速度
DOI：
10.1103/physrevd.67.084021
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Louis K. Scheffer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Louis K. Scheffer
安德森等人。发现先锋 10 号和 11 号航天器的测量轨迹与根据作用在它们上的已知力计算出的轨迹存在偏差。这种未建模的加速度（以及不太为人所知但类似的未建模扭矩）可以通过航天器热量的非各向同性辐射来解释。卡茨、墨菲和谢弗提出了各种形式的非各向同性辐射，但安德森等人提出了各种形式的非各向同性辐射。认为这些都不能解释观察到的效果。本文更详细地计算了已知的影响，并考虑了新的辐射源，所有这些都基于航天器的构造。然后在实验期间对这些效应进行建模。该模型将从日心距离 5 AU 处出现到最后一次测量 71 AU 处的加速度再现到 10% 以内。然而，它预测先锋 10 号观测的 I 和 III 间隔之间的加速度下降幅度比观测值更大。这与三种分析（SIGMA、CHASMP 和 Markwardt）的平均值有 $2\ensuremath{\sigma}$ 差异。更复杂（但更具推测性）的模型提供了更好的拟合。辐射力也可以合理地解释之前未建模的扭矩，包括与航天器总线热量成正比的先锋 10 号的旋转下降，以及先锋 11 号缓慢但恒定的旋转上升。无论如何，通过考虑大部分加速度，所提出的机制使得整个效应更有可能在不需要新物理学的情况下得到解释。
Anderson et al. find the measured trajectories of Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecrafts deviate from the trajectories computed from known forces acting on them. This unmodeled acceleration (and the less well known, but similar, unmodeled torque) can be accounted for by non-isotropic radiation of spacecraft heat. Various forms of non-isotropic radiation were proposed by Katz, Murphy, and Scheffer, but Anderson et al. felt that none of these could explain the observed effect. This paper calculates the known effects in more detail and considers new sources of radiation, all based on spacecraft construction. These effects are then modeled over the duration of the experiment. The model reproduces the acceleration from its appearance at a heliocentric distance of 5 AU to the last measurement at 71 AU to within 10%. However, it predicts a larger decrease in acceleration between intervals I and III of the Pioneer 10 observations than is observed. This is a $2\ensuremath{\sigma}$ discrepancy from the average of the three analyses (SIGMA, CHASMP, and Markwardt). A more complex (but more speculative) model provides a somewhat better fit. Radiation forces can also plausibly explain the previously unmodeled torques, including the spindown of Pioneer 10 that is directly proportional to spacecraft bus heat, and the slow but constant spin-up of Pioneer 11. In any case, by accounting for the bulk of the acceleration, the proposed mechanism makes it much more likely that the entire effect can be explained without the need for new physics.