Short-chain fatty acids: ready for prime time?
Short-chain fatty acids: ready for prime time?
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DOI：
10.1177/0115426506021004351
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发表时间：
2006-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Levy, Emile
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Roy, Claude C;Kien, C Lawrence;Levy, Emile
结肠健康的概念已成为益生菌、益生菌和合生菌等功能食品发展的主要目标。这些生物活性物质对微生物区系的组成以及结肠的生理都有深远的影响，并显示出明显的健康益处。饮食中的碳水化合物逃避小肠的消化/吸收，益生菌在结肠发酵，产生短链脂肪酸(SCFA)。SCFA作为结肠的主要阴离子和结肠细胞的主要能量来源，主要通过非离子扩散吸收，但也可通过钠偶联转运体介导的主动转运而迅速吸收，从而促进钠和水的吸收。总体而言，单链脂肪酸尤其是丁酸能促进乳杆菌和双歧杆菌的生长，并在结肠的生理和新陈代谢中发挥核心作用。益生元对细胞增殖、分化、细胞凋亡、粘蛋白产生、免疫功能、矿物质吸收、脂肪代谢和胃肠道(GI)多肽的影响已被实验证实。这些影响似乎在很大程度上是由SCFA调节的，但来自人体研究的证据仍然不一致。食品行业对他们将益生元商业化和开发潜在健康益处的努力信心大增。未来取决于进一步探索基本机制的研究设计，特别是基因表达，但重点应该放在人类干预试验上。
The concept of colonic health has become a major target for the development of functional foods such as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. These bioactive agents have a profound effect on the composition of the microflora, as well as on the physiology of the colon, and display distinct health benefits. Dietary carbohydrates escaping digestion/absorption in the small bowel and prebiotics undergo fermentation in the colon and give rise to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). As the main anions of the colon and the major source of energy for colonocytes, SCFA are rapidly absorbed by nonionic diffusion mostly but also by active transport mediated by a sodium-coupled transporter, thereby fostering the absorption of sodium and water. SCFA in general and butyrate in particular enhance the growth of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria and play a central role on the physiology and metabolism of the colon. The effect of prebiotics on cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, mucin production, immune function, mineral absorption, lipid metabolism, and gastrointestinal (GI) peptides has been well documented experimentally. These effects seem to be largely mediated by SCFA, but evidence from human studies remains inconsistent. The food industry is making a leap of faith in their efforts to commercialize prebiotics and exploit potential health benefits. The future lies with the design of studies to further explore basic mechanisms, and gene expression in particular, but emphasis should be placed on human intervention trials.