Approaches for characterizing and tracking hospital-associated multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Approaches for characterizing and tracking hospital-associated multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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表征和追踪医院相关多重耐药细菌的方法。

DOI:
10.1007/s00018-020-03717-2
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发表时间:
2021-03
期刊:
Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Dantas G
Dantas G
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Blake KS;Choi J;Dantas G

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医院相关感染是全球公共卫生的一个主要问题。感染抗生素耐药病原体可能导致经验性治疗失败,而对于感染多重耐药细菌的感染,可以克服抗生素的“最后手段”,没有其他治疗方法。尽管有广泛的消毒方案,但医院环境是抗生素耐药微生物的有效储存库和媒介。病原体可在医院表面和管道上持续数月至数年,通过水平基因转移获得新的抗生素耐药性基因,并通过医护人员和来访者传播给患者,从而引发医院相关感染的爆发。下一代细菌基因组和元基因组测序的进步扩大了我们的能力,包括1)鉴定物种和追踪不同的菌株,2)全面分析抗生素耐药性基因,以及3)解决促进细胞内和细胞间基因转移的移动元件。反过来,这些信息可以用来描述医院相关微生物区系的种群动态,跟踪其环境宿主的疫情,并为未来的干预措施提供信息。这篇综述详细概述了可用于研究医院相关细菌的分离株和元基因组及其多层传播网络的方法和生物信息学工具。
Hospital-associated infections are a major concern for global public health. Infections with antibiotic resistant pathogens can cause empiric treatment failure, and for infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria which can overcome antibiotics of “last resort” there exist no alternative treatments. Despite extensive sanitization protocols, the hospital environment is a potent reservoir and vector of antibiotic resistant organisms. Pathogens can persist on hospital surfaces and plumbing for months to years, acquire new antibiotic resistance genes by horizontal gene transfer, and initiate outbreaks of hospital-associated infections by spreading to patients via healthcare workers and visitors. Advancements in next-generation sequencing of bacterial genomes and metagenomes have expanded our ability to 1) identify species and track distinct strains, 2) comprehensively profile antibiotic resistance genes, and 3) resolve the mobile elements that facilitate intra- and intercellular gene transfer. This information can, in turn, be used to characterize the population dynamics of hospital-associated microbiota, track outbreaks to their environmental reservoirs, and inform future interventions. This Review provides a detailed overview of the approaches and bioinformatic tools available to study isolates and metagenomes of hospital-associated bacteria, and their multi-layered networks of transmission.
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