Climate and vegetation since the Last Interglacial (MIS 5e) in a putative glacial refugium, northern Idaho, USA
Climate and vegetation since the Last Interglacial (MIS 5e) in a putative glacial refugium, northern Idaho, USA
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美国爱达荷州北部假定的冰川保护区自末次间冰期 (MIS 5e) 以来的气候和植被
DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.03.028
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Gavin, Daniel G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herring, Erin M.;Gavin, Daniel G.
从末次间冰期到现在，北美洲的陆地沉积物记录几乎没有连续的层序。我们目前的地层记录的花粉和其他几个代理人从aCarex为主的湿地，星星草甸，位于南部140公里的最大范围的科迪勒纳冰盖和附近的北方爱达荷州目前南部范围内的梅西奇森林。这一地区的许多物种被160公里的干旱草原和干旱森林从它们更广泛的分布沿着太平洋西北海岸隔开，并可能在内部避难所生存。上部251 cm的年代学由6个放射性碳年龄和1个火山灰存款确定，其余部分（251-809 cm）的年龄由SPECMAP δ 18 O相关估算。波动的水位推断交替泥炭，生物硅，水生花粉类型。在MIS 5e该地区是温暖和干燥的比今天，占主导地位的松（可能Pinus contorta）混合针叶林周围的苔草草甸。很快就出现了凉爽潮湿的气候（MIS 5 b-5d），该地点被深水淹没。花粉指示湿地植被（Betula glandulosa，香蒲科，和柳）周围的一个湖与黄杉/落叶松和云杉森林周围的斜坡上发展。在MIS 5a，温暖的气候支持黄杉/落叶松，冷杉，云杉森林周围的山坡上和苔草为主的环境中的干燥草甸。从MIS 4到MIS 3，凉爽潮湿的松树和云杉林占主导地位。水位上升，使努发尔能够在一个常年湖内生存，而一个莎草沼泽则沿着湖缘建立。随着气候过渡到MIS 2，凉爽干燥的气候支持了Pinus和帕克兰，尽管水位仍然足够高，以支持Nuphar。末次盛冰期沉积物主要为粉砂和粘土，含大量卤虫，花粉保存较差。冰川下降到海拔500米以上的星星草甸在邻近的排水表明冰缘环境发生在现场。湖平面下降通过更新世-全新世过渡（约。11.7 ka）和网站返回到一个莎草泥炭地周围的开放松林。最显著的植被变化发生在全新世中晚期，柏科花粉首先出现，然后占主导地位，最有可能是Thuja plicata，这是现代内陆梅西奇森林的优势种。在过去12万年的背景下，晚全新世植被是独特的梅西奇，使人怀疑这一地区是否是冰川避难所。
There are very few terrestrial sediment records from North America that contain a nearly continuous sequence spanning from the Last Interglacial period to the present. We present stratigraphic records of pollen and several other proxies from aCarex-dominated wetland, Star Meadows, located 140 km south of the maximum extent of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet and near the current southern extent of interior mesic forests in northern Idaho. Many species in this region are disjunct by 160 km of arid steppe and dry forest from their more extensive distribution along the Pacific Northwest coast and may have survived in an interior refugium. The chronology for the upper 251 cm was determined by six radiocarbon dates and one tephra deposit, and the age of the remainder of the core (251–809 cm) was estimated by correlation with SPECMAP δ18O. Fluctuating water levels were inferred from alternating peat, biogenic silica, and aquatic pollen types. During MIS 5e the region was warmer and drier than today and was dominated byPinus(likelyPinus contorta) mixed conifer forest surrounding aCarexmeadow. A cool-moist climate (MIS 5b–5d) soon developed, and the site was inundated with deep water. Pollen indicated wetland vegetation (Betula glandulosa, Typhaceae, andSalix) developed around a lake with aPseudotsuga/LarixandPiceaforest on the surrounding slopes. During MIS 5a, a warmer climate supported aPseudotsuga/Larix,Abies, andPiceaforest on the surrounding hillsides and aCarex-dominated environment within a dry meadow. From MIS 4 to MIS 3, a cool and wetPinusandPiceaforest predominated. Water levels rose, enablingNupharto persist within a perennial lake while a sedge fen established along the lake margin. As climate transitioned into MIS 2, a cooler and drier climate supported aPinusandPiceasubalpine parkland, though water levels remained high enough to supportNuphar. During the Last Glacial Maximum the sediment was mainly silt and clay with highArtemisiaand very poor pollen preservation. Glaciers descended to 500 m elevation above Star Meadows in adjacent drainages suggesting a periglacial environment occurred at the site. Lake level decreased through the Pleistocene–Holocene transition (ca. 11.7 ka) and the site returned to a sedge peatland surrounded by an openPinusforest. The most striking vegetation change occurred in the middle to late Holocene with the first occurrence and then later dominance of Cupressaceae pollen, most likelyThuja plicata, which is a dominant species in modern interior mesic forests. The late Holocene vegetation was uniquely mesic in the context of the last 120,000 years, casting doubt on this region serving as a glacial refugium.
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