Phosphorus Transport in Agricultural Subsurface Drainage: A Review
Phosphorus Transport in Agricultural Subsurface Drainage: A Review
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DOI：
10.2134/jeq2014.04.0163
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Brown, Larry C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
King, Kevin W.;Williams, Mark R.;Brown, Larry C.
几十年来，农田和流域的磷 (P) 损失一直是一个重要的水质问题，因为磷在富营养化中发挥着关键作用。从历史上看，大多数研究都集中在地表径流和侵蚀造成的磷损失上，因为地下磷损失通常被认为可以忽略不计。然而，人们对地下磷迁移的认识已经发生了变化，并且已经开展了大量工作，以更好地了解地下磷迁移的规模和重要性，并确定减少地表水地下磷负荷的做法和处理方法。本文的目的是（i）批判性地回顾地下排水中磷输送的研究，（ii）确定控制磷损失的因素，以及（iii）找出目前对地下排水在磷输送中的作用的科学理解中的差距。在强排水农业环境的框架内讨论了影响地下磷输送的因素。这些因素包括土壤特性（例如，优先流动、磷吸附能力和氧化还原条件）、排水设计（例如，瓦片间距、瓦片深度和表面入口的安装）、主要条件和管理（例如，土壤测试磷水平、耕作、耕作制度以及施磷的来源、比率、位置和时间）以及水文和气候变量（例如，基流、事件流量和季节差异）。还讨论了减轻地下磷迁移的结构、处理和管理方法，例如断开表层土壤和瓦排水沟之间的流动路径的做法、排水管理、河流内或瓦末端处理以及沟渠设计和管理。该综述的结论是，确定了目前对地下排水沟中磷输送的理解中的差距，并提出了未来需要研究的领域。
Phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural fields and watersheds has been an important water quality issue for decades because of the critical role P plays in eutrophication. Historically, most research has focused on P losses by surface runoff and erosion because subsurface P losses were often deemed to be negligible. Perceptions of subsurface P transport, however, have evolved, and considerable work has been conducted to better understand the magnitude and importance of subsurface P transport and to identify practices and treatments that decrease subsurface P loads to surface waters. The objectives of this paper were (i) to critically review research on P transport in subsurface drainage, (ii) to determine factors that control P losses, and (iii) to identify gaps in the current scientific understanding of the role of subsurface drainage in P transport. Factors that affect subsurface P transport are discussed within the framework of intensively drained agricultural settings. These factors include soil characteristics (e. g., preferential flow, P sorption capacity, and redox conditions), drainage design (e. g., tile spacing, tile depth, and the installation of surface inlets), prevailing conditions and management (e. g., soil-test P levels, tillage, cropping system, and the source, rate, placement, and timing of P application), and hydrologic and climatic variables (e. g., baseflow, event flow, and seasonal differences). Structural, treatment, and management approaches to mitigate subsurface P transport-such as practices that disconnect flow pathways between surface soils and tile drains, drainage water management, in-stream or end-of-tile treatments, and ditch design and management-are also discussed. The review concludes by identifying gaps in the current understanding of P transport in subsurface drains and suggesting areas where future research is needed.