Origins and consequences of age at first drink. II. Familial risk and heritability
Origins and consequences of age at first drink. II. Familial risk and heritability
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02331.x
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发表时间：
2001-08-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Elkins, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McGue, M;Iacono, WG;Elkins, I
背景：首次饮酒年龄（AFD）和酗酒之间的关联可能反映了对去抑制行为和精神病理学的共同遗传脆弱性，而不是前者对后者的直接影响。我们通过确定 AFD 是否具有家族性和可遗传性来检验共同遗传脆弱性假说。方法：根据其亲生父母的 AFD 对 1,232 名 14 岁双胞胎样本进行分类。结果：在 15 岁之前发生 AFD 的父母中，儿子的终生外化障碍（即品行障碍和对立违抗障碍）症状显着较高，但女儿则不然。子女内化障碍（即重度抑郁症、分离焦虑症和过度焦虑症）的症状与父母早期饮酒没有显着相关。母亲（而非父亲）过早饮酒与儿子和女儿在 14 岁时饮酒的风险显着增加有关。在 416 对同卵双胞胎 (MZ) 和 225 对同性双卵双胞胎 (DZ) 14 岁双胞胎样本中，研究了遗传和环境因素对早期饮酒风险的影响。男孩中同卵双胞胎早期饮酒的相似性远高于异卵双胞胎，但女孩中同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎的相似性大致相同。男孩（55%）估计早期饮酒的遗传力显着高于女孩（11%），部分原因是去抑制性精神病理学症状背后的遗传因素比女孩更容易导致男孩早期饮酒的风险。结论：早期饮酒具有家族性，并且至少在男性中是可遗传的。早期饮酒的家族传播部分是由男性去抑制性精神病理学的遗传风险和女孩的共同环境因素造成的。这些结果为共同遗传脆弱性假说提供了一些支持，并表明男孩和女孩早期饮酒的过程可能不同。
Background: The association of age at first drink (AFD) and alcoholism may reflect a common inherited vulnerability to disinhibitory behavior and psychopathology rather than a direct influence of the former on the latter. We tested the common-inherited-vulnerability hypothesis by determining whether AFD is familial and heritable.Methods: A sample of 1,232 14-year-old twins was classified according to their biological parents' AFD.Results: Lifetime symptoms of externalizing disorders (i.e., conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder) were significantly higher in the sons but not the daughters of parents whose AFD came before age 15 years. Offspring symptoms of internalizing disorders (i.e., major depressive disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and overanxious disorder) were not significantly associated with parental early use of alcohol in either sons or daughters. Early use of alcohol in mothers but not fathers was associated with a significant increase in both sons' and daughters' risk of alcohol use by age 14. The contribution of genetic and environmental factors to risk of early alcohol use was investigated in a sample of 416 monozygotic (MZ) and 225 like-sex dizygotic (DZ) 14-year-old twin pairs. Twin similarity for early alcohol use was substantially greater in MZ than DZ twins in boys but about equally similar in MZ and DZ twins in girls. Estimated heritability of early alcohol use was significantly greater in boys (55%) than girls (11%), in part because the genetic factors underlying symptoms of disinhibitory psychopathology contributed more to risk of early alcohol use in boys than girls.Conclusions: Early use of alcohol is familial and, at least in males, heritable. The familial transmission of early alcohol use is caused in part by genetic risk for disinhibitory psychopathology in males and to shared environmental factors in girls. These results provide some support for a common-inherited-vulnerability hypothesis, and suggest that the processes underlying early alcohol use may differ in boys and girls.