Soft Power and Exports

Soft Power and Exports
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软实力和出口

DOI:
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
1
通讯作者:
A. Rose
A. Rose
中科院分区:
经济学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
A. Rose

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本文试图帮助建立一个程式化的事实:当一个国家的领导地位得到其他国家的认可时,该国的出口就会上升。为了证明这一点,我使用了双边出口的标准引力模型、2006年至2017年的一组数据,以及盖洛普(Gallup)的一项年度调查,该调查向多达157个国家的人们询问他们是否认可中国、德国、俄罗斯、英国和美国领导人的工作表现。在其他条件不变的情况下,如果一个国家的领导得到了进口国的认可,那么它的出口就会更高;软实力促进了出口。软实力效应在统计上和经济上都是显著的;领导层的认可每增加1%,出口就会增加约0.3%。这种效应相当强大,不同的软实力衡量标准也会产生类似的结果。我保守估计,在2016年(奥巴马总统任期的最后一年)到2017年(特朗普总统任期的第一年)期间,外国对美国领导地位的认可下降了20个百分点,使美国的出口至少减少了30亿美元。
This paper seeks to help establish a stylized fact: a country’s exports rise when its leadership is approved by other countries. I show this using a standard gravity model of bilateral exports, a panel of data from 2006 through 2017, and an annual Gallup survey that asks people in up to 157 countries whether they approve of the job performance of the leadership of China, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States. Holding other things constant, a country’s exports are higher if its leadership is approved by the importer—“soft power” promotes exports. The soft power effect is statistically and economically significant; a 1% increase in leadership approval raises exports by around two‐thirds of a percent. This effect is reasonably robust, and different measures of soft power deliver similar results. I conservatively estimate that the >20 percentage point decline in foreign approval of American leadership between 2016 (the final year of Obama’s presidency) and 2017 (Trump’s first year) lowered American exports by at least U.S.$3 billion.