Regional Variation in Lytic and Lysogenic Viral Infection in the Southern Ocean and Its Contribution to Biogeochemical Cycling
Regional Variation in Lytic and Lysogenic Viral Infection in the Southern Ocean and Its Contribution to Biogeochemical Cycling
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.01388-12
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Brussaard, Corina P. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evans, Claire;Brussaard, Corina P. D.
在整个南大洋、横跨亚南极区、南极绕极流和南极大陆海的地点对裂解性和溶源性病毒感染进行了调查。在两条横断面期间，在生产力更高的亚南极地区记录到的裂解病毒活性高于南极绕极流的铁限制水域。南极绕极流中裂解病毒活性的降低与溶原性感染的转变相结合，这可能是由于潜在原核宿主浓度较低所致。叠加在这种变化上，秋季德雷克海峡完成的横断面中裂解病毒的产量（1.8 x 10(8) 至 1.5 x 10(9) 升(-1) 天(-1)）低于夏季格林威治子午线（5.1 x 10(8) 至 2.0 x 10(10) 细胞升(-1) 天(-1)），这表明病毒活性与生物活动的总体季节性波动。有趣的是，虽然威德尔海沿岸的原核生物丰度最低，但该区域的细菌和裂解病毒产量（4.3 x 10(8) 至 1.7 x 10(10) 细胞升(-1) 天(-1)）与其他区域相似。这可能解释了威德尔海原核生物和叶绿素分布之间的弱关系，因为原核生物量的高周转可能是受到病毒裂解物形式底物的刺激。据估计，碳和铁的释放量分别为 0.02 至 7.5 微克升(-1) 天(-1) 和 1.5 至 175.7 皮克升(-1) 天(-1)，南大洋的病毒活动被证明是满足微生物元素需求的主要贡献者，特别是威德尔海的原核生物和亚南极地区的浮游植物。
Lytic and lysogenic viral infection was investigated throughout the Southern Ocean at sites spanning the sub-Antarctic zone, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and an Antarctic continental sea. Higher lytic virus activity was recorded in the more productive sub-Antarctic zone than in the iron-limited waters of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current during two transects. Reduced lytic viral activity in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current was combined with a shift toward lysogenic infection, probably resulting from the lower concentration of potential prokaryotic hosts. Superimposed on this variation, lytic viral production was lower in a transect completed in the Drake Passage in autumn (1.8 x 10(8) to 1.5 x 10(9) liter(-1) day(-1)) than over the Greenwich Meridian during summer (5.1 x 10(8) to 2.0 x 10(10) cells liter(-1) day(-1)), indicating that viral activity is linked to the overall seasonal fluctuations in biotic activity. Interestingly, while prokaryotic abundance was lowest in the coastal Weddell Sea, levels of bacterial and lytic viral production (4.3 x 10(8) to 1.7 x 10(10) cells liter(-1) day(-1)) in this area were similar to those of the other zones. This may explain the weak relationship between the distribution of prokaryotes and chlorophyll in the Weddell Sea, as a high turnover of prokaryotic biomass may have been stimulated by the availability of substrates in the form of viral lysate. With estimated carbon and iron releases of 0.02 to 7.5 mu g liter(-1) day(-1) and 1.5 to 175.7 pg day(-1), respectively, viral activity in the Southern Ocean is shown to be a major contributor to satisfying the elemental requirements of microbes, notably prokaryotes in the Weddell Sea and phytoplankton in the sub-Antarctic zone.