Phase coherence of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical antidot lattice

Phase coherence of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical antidot lattice
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光学解点晶格中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的相位相干性

DOI:
10.1103/physreva.100.063611
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
and Toshiya Kinoshita
and Toshiya Kinoshita
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kazuya Yamashita;Kouhei Hanasaki;Akihiro Ando;and Toshiya Kinoshita

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本文报道了光学反点晶格(ADL)中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体相相干性的实验研究。在ADL中,一系列电位山丘排列在二维(2D)方形晶格上,具有零交流Stark位移的交叉通道形成具有多个结的二维网格。由于这些结构特征,即使在反点高度为光子反冲能量的300倍时,从ADL释放的物质波干涉也清晰可见。然而,在极高的反点高度时,相相干性明显降低,原子跳变受到抑制。我们通过引入原子在网格线上感受到的周期有效势来解释这种相干性的损失,这是正交方向上更快的原子运动的量子化的结果。这种有效电位使原子定位在连接处,形成一束管状气体。利用玻色-哈伯德模型,我们用二维约瑟夫森结阵列来解释相干特性。我们还观察到,在合并管状气体后,出现了漩涡状的洞。我们讨论了横向热相位波动的影响,并解释了涡状孔的出现是二维晶格平面上Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless交叉的可能标志。
We report on the experimental investigation of the phase coherence of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical antidot lattice (ADL). In the ADL, a series of potential hills are arranged on a two-dimensional (2D) square lattice and crisscrossing channels with zero ac Stark shift form a 2D mesh with multiple junctions. Due to these structural features, matter wave interference released from the ADL is clearly visible even at antidot heights of the 300 times the photon recoil energy. However, phase coherence is significantly reduced at extremely tall antidot heights and atom hopping is suppressed. We explain this loss of coherence by introducing a periodic effective potential felt by the atoms on the mesh lines, which is the result of the quantization of the faster atomic motion in the orthogonal direction. This effective potential localizes atoms at the junctions, forming a bundle of tubelike gases. Using the Bose-Hubbard model, we interpret the coherence properties in terms of a 2D Josephson junction array. We have also observed the emergence of vortexlike holes after merging the tubelike gases. We discuss the effect of transverse thermal phase fluctuations and interpret the appearance of the vortexlike holes as a possible signature of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless crossover in the 2D lattice plane.
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