Socioeconomic status and drinking patterns in young adults
Socioeconomic status and drinking patterns in young adults
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00331.x
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发表时间：
2003-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Hooper, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Casswell, S;Pledger, M;Hooper, R
目的 调查社会经济地位的几个指标与年轻人饮酒模式之间的关系。 设计 使用重复测量模型对年轻人纵向研究中收集的数据进行分析，以检验收入、职业活动、教育成就和饮酒模式之间的关系。 设置 这些数据是作为新西兰出生队列纵向研究的一部分而收集的。他们的采访大部分是在中心地点进行的，采用面对面的方法和计算机辅助的酒精采访。 参与者 参与者是但尼丁多学科健康与发展研究的成员，年龄分别为 18,2±1 和 2±6 岁。九百六十九名研究成员对分析做出了贡献。研究发现，研究成员广泛代表了新西兰人口，跨国研究表明研究结果可推广到其他类似的市场经济体。测量使用了三个社会经济地位指标；教育成就、职业活动和收入。 18岁的教育成就指标分为三个级别，从无学历到高等教育学历。对于 21 岁的人来说，高等教育成绩的另外两个类别被纳入到五个类别中，而对于 2 岁的人来说，6 个更高的高等教育学位被纳入到了 6 个类别的衡量标准中。使用了五类职业活动。还使用了收入数据。使用了两种酒精消耗量测量方法。这些是过去一年中饮酒的频率和每次饮酒的典型饮酒量。调查结果男性和女性的饮酒频率在成年早期有所增加，饮酒量在 21 岁时达到顶峰，此后下降。饮酒频率受到收入的影响，收入较高的受访者饮酒频率更高，而且这种情况会随着时间的推移而持续存在。饮酒量受教育程度的影响最大。受教育程度较低的年轻人在饮酒场合和各个年龄段的饮酒量明显更多。教育成就与 18 岁时男性饮酒频率之间也存在相关性，而女性的职业活动与饮酒量之间也存在相关性。 结论 饮酒的维度运作方式不同这一发现解释了先前调查社会经济地位和饮酒量的研究缺乏一致性。社会地位较低的人消费量较高的研究结果可能可以解释社会经济地位较低的人的预期寿命缩短的部分原因。
Aims To investigate the relationship between several indicators of socioeconomic status and drinking patterns in young adulthood.Design Data collected in a longitudinal study of young adults was analysed using repeated-measures models to examine the relationship between income, occupational activity and educational achievement and patterns of drinking.Setting These data were collected as part of a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of New Zealanders. They were interviewed for the most part in a central location using a face-to-face method and a computer-assisted alcohol interview.Participants The participants were members of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development study aged 18,2 1 and 2 6 years. Nine hundred and sixty-nine study members contributed to the analysis. Study members have been found to be broadly representative of the New Zealand population and cross national studies suggest findings are generalizable to other similar market economies.Measurements Three indicators of socioeconomic status were used; educational achievement, occupational activity and income. The educational achievement indicator at age 18 had three levels that ranged from no school qualifications to higher school qualifications. For age 21 two additional categories of tertiary educational achievement were included to make five categories and for age 2 6 higher tertiary degrees were included in the measure to make six categories. Five categories of occupational activity were used. Income data was also used. Two measures of alcohol consumption were used. These were the frequency of drinking and the typical quantity of alcohol consumed per drinking occasion in the past year.Findings Frequency of drinking increased over these early adult years and the quantities consumed peaked at age 21 and decreased thereafter for both males and females. Frequency of drinking was influenced by income with the higher income respondents drinking more often and this was persistent overtime. Quantity of drinking was most influenced by educational achievement. The less well-educated young adult drank significantly more during a drinking occasion and at all ages. There was also a relationship between educational achievement and frequency of drinking for males at age 18 and a relationship between women's occupational activity and the quantities they consumed.Conclusions The finding that the dimensions of drinking operate differently explains the lack of consistency in previous research, which has investigated socioeconomic status and the volumes of alcohol consumed. The findings of higher quantities consumed among those of lower social status may explain some of the reduced life expectancy found among those with lower socioeconomic status.