New estimates of tooth mark and percussion mark frequencies at the FLK Zinj site:: The carnivore-hominid-carnivore hypothesis falsified
New estimates of tooth mark and percussion mark frequencies at the FLK Zinj site:: The carnivore-hominid-carnivore hypothesis falsified
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.09.005
复制
发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Barba, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Domínguez-Rodrigo, M;Barba, R
对原始人尸体获取策略的传统解释围绕着早期原始人是狩猎还是拾荒的争论。一个流行的版本是食肉动物-人科动物-食肉动物假说，认为人科动物主要通过被动的机会主义从被剥了皮的猫科动物尸体中获得动物资源。其主要实证支持来自Blumenschine报告的FLK Zinj遗址的齿痕频率和分布分析（Blumenschine，1995，J. Hum. Evol 29，21-51），其中显示，长骨中轴表现出高频率的齿痕，只有在猫科动物在尸体去鳞之前才能解释。目前的工作表明，先前对FLK Zinj组合上的齿痕的估计是人为的高，因为天然的生物化学标记被误认为是齿痕。修正后的估计值与鬣狗在人类骨骼改造后进行干预的实验中获得的结果相似。此外，分析的打击痕迹，缺口，和断裂模式提供的数据，最好的解释为原始人类活动的结果（锤石打击和骨髓提取），基于实验衍生的参考框架。这些多方面的证据支持了先前对切割痕迹及其解剖分布的分析;所有这些都表明，原始人有抢先体验，可以接触到在FLK Zinj遗址运输、加工和积累的带肉尸体。(c)2005爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Traditional interpretations of hominid carcass acquisition strategies revolve around the debate over whether early hominids hunted or scavenged. A popular version of the scavenging scenario is the carnivore-hominid-carnivore hypothesis, which argues that hominids acquired animal resources primarily through passive opportunistic scavenging from felid-defleshed carcasses. Its main empirical support comes from the analysis of tooth mark frequency and distribution at the FLK Zinj site reported by Blumenschine (Blumenschine, 1995, J. Hum. Evol. 29, 21-51), in which it was shown that long bone mid-shafts exhibited a high frequency of tooth marks, only explainable if felids had preceded hominids in carcass defleshing. The present work shows that previous estimates of tooth marks on the FLK Zinj assemblage were artificially high, since natural biochemical marks were mistaken for tooth marks. Revised estimates are similar to those obtained in experiments in which hyenas intervene after humans in bone modification. Furthermore, analyses of percussion marks, notches, and breakage patterns provide data which are best interpreted as the results of hominid activity (hammerstone percussion and marrow extraction), based on experimentally-derived referential frameworks. These multiple lines of evidence support previous analyses of cut marks and their anatomical distribution; all indicate that hominids had early access to fleshed carcasses that were transported, processed, and accumulated at the FLK Zinj site. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.