Exposure of juvenile roach (Rutilus rutilus) to treated sewage effluent induces dose-dependent and persistent disruption in gonadal duct development
Exposure of juvenile roach (Rutilus rutilus) to treated sewage effluent induces dose-dependent and persistent disruption in gonadal duct development
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DOI：
10.1021/es001225c
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发表时间：
2001-02-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Tyler, CR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rodgers-Gray, TP;Jobling, S;Tyler, CR
在英国各地的河流中发现了野生蟑螂（Rutilus rutilus）的雌雄同体性腺。中间性的发生率与排放到这些河流中的经雌激素处理的污水密切相关，这导致了一种假设，即污水中的雌激素化学物质使野生雄鱼雌性化。在这项研究中，早期生活阶段的蟑螂（孵化后50天，dph）暴露于分级浓度（0%，12.5%，25%，50%和100%）的处理污水（主要是生活污水）的150天，以检查暴露对性分化和发育的影响。类固醇雌激素和烷基酚类化学物质的测量和由此产生的剂量依赖性诱导卵黄蛋白原（VTG;女性特异性，雌激素依赖性血浆蛋白）证实，鱼已暴露，并回应“雌激素”的流出物。暴露于经处理的污水污水诱导雌性化的生殖管在“男性”蟑螂在剂量依赖性的方式（在全强度的污水中，100%的鱼有雌性化的导管），这表明在野生蟑螂中看到的性腺管的中断是暴露于经处理的污水污水在生命早期阶段的结果。有没有处理污水暴露对生殖细胞发育的影响，因此，没有卵母细胞发生在睾丸的雌性化雄性蟑螂。随后，净化的污水暴露的鱼在“干净”的水150天导致血浆VTG的减少，但没有改变的雌性化导管，表明处理后的污水对生殖导管发育的影响是永久性的。因此，野生雄性蟑螂睾丸中卵母细胞的因果关系仍有待阐明。
Wild roach (Rutilus rutilus) have been found with intersex gonads in rivers throughout the United Kingdom. The incidence of intersexuality is strongly correlated with discharges of estrogenic treated sewage effluent into those rivers, and this has led to the hypothesis that estrogenic chemicals in effluents are feminizing wild male fish. In this study, early-life stage roach (50 days post hatch, dph) were exposed for 150 days to a graded concentration (0%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) of treated sewage (primarily domestic) effluent to examine the effects of exposure on sexual differentiation and development. Measurement of steroid estrogens and alkylphenolic chemicals in the effluent and a resulting dose-dependent induction of vitellogenin (VTG; a female-specific, estrogen-dependent plasma protein) confirmed that the fish had been exposed and responded to "estrogen" in the effluent. Exposure to treated sewage effluent induced feminization of the reproductive ducts in "male" roach in a dose-dependent manner (in full-strength effluent, 100% of the fish had feminized ducts), indicating that the disruption of the gonad ducts seen in wild roach is the result of exposure to treated sewage effluents during early-life stages. There were no effects of treated sewage effluent exposure on germ cell development; therefore, no oocytes occurred in the testes of the feminized male roach. Subsequent, depuration of the effluent exposed fish in "clean" water for 150 days resulted in a reduction in plasma VTG but no alteration of the feminized ducts, indicating that the effect of the treated sewage effluent on reproductive duct development was permanent. The causality of oocytes in the testes of wild male roach therefore remains to be elucidated.