Presence and Absence of Individuals in Diagrammatic Logics: An Empirical Comparison

Presence and Absence of Individuals in Diagrammatic Logics: An Empirical Comparison
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图解逻辑中个体的存在和不存在:实证比较

DOI:
10.1007/s11225-017-9711-6
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
0.7
通讯作者:
Stapleton G
Stapleton G
中科院分区:
数学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stapleton G

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图表逻辑的发展强烈地受到使形式推理能够为广大受众所接受的愿望的推动。一个主要的研究问题是从人类认知的角度理解如何在语义等价图之间进行选择,这一问题的进展令人惊讶。这篇文章的重点是在代表个体存在或缺席的图表之间进行选择。为了了解如何最好地做出这一选择,我们进行了一项实证研究。我们发现,代表个体的存在支持的任务表现要么显著好于,要么并不比代表个体的不存在更差。我们研究结果的一个特别显著的特点是,以一种使图表高度混乱的方式来描述个体的缺席,对人类的认知是有害的。因此,应该避免使用具有这一特征的图表,但可以使用存在(不管图表是否杂乱)或低杂乱的图表来支持我们在研究中执行的任务的背景下的认知。
The development of diagrammatic logics is strongly motivated by the desire to make formal reasoning accessible to broad audiences. One major research problem, for which surprisingly little progress has been made, is to understand how to choose between semantically equivalent diagrams from the perspective of human cognition. The particular focus of this paper is on choosing between diagrams that represent either thepresenceorabsenceof individuals. To understand how to best make this choice, we conducted an empirical study. We found that representing the presence of individuals supported task performance either significantly better than, or no worse than, representing the absence of individuals. The particularly striking feature of our results was that representing the absence of individuals in a way that makes the diagram highly cluttered is detrimental to human cognition. As a result, diagrams with this feature should be avoided, but diagrams using presence (irrespective of diagram clutter) or low-cluttered absence can be used to support cognition in the context of the tasks performed in our study.
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