Mouse models for radiation-induced cancers.
Mouse models for radiation-induced cancers.
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DOI：
10.1093/mutage/gew019
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发表时间：
2016-09
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Leena Rivina;Michael J Davoren;R. Schiestl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Leena Rivina;Michael J Davoren;R. Schiestl
潜在的电离辐射暴露情况多种多样，但所有这些都带来了短期生存这一简单问题之外的风险。无论是在恐怖主义行为中意外暴露于单一全身剂量，还是故意暴露在作为治疗方案一部分的分段剂量下，辐射暴露都会导致癌症风险增加。有意和无意暴露的长期影响可能会通过专门开发的治疗方法来缓解，以限制辐射后随之而来的突变和癌前复制。开发此类试剂无疑需要相当程度的体外测试，但为了准确地概括辐射诱导致癌的复杂过程，充分理解的动物模型是必要的。近亲交配的实验室小鼠小鼠是最合乎逻辑的选择，因为它们与人类在分子和生理上有大量相似之处。它们的体积小，繁殖率高，基因组测序充分，进一步增加了其在癌症研究中的使用价值。本章将对辐射诱发的髓系白血病、胸腺淋巴瘤、乳腺癌和肺癌的相关近交系和F1杂交动物进行综述。还将描述每个模型的致癌方法和相关的分子病理学。
Potential ionising radiation exposure scenarios are varied, but all bring risks beyond the simple issues of short-term survival. Whether accidentally exposed to a single, whole-body dose in an act of terrorism or purposefully exposed to fractionated doses as part of a therapeutic regimen, radiation exposure carries the consequence of elevated cancer risk. The long-term impact of both intentional and unintentional exposure could potentially be mitigated by treatments specifically developed to limit the mutations and precancerous replication that ensue in the wake of irradiation The development of such agents would undoubtedly require a substantial degree of in vitro testing, but in order to accurately recapitulate the complex process of radiation-induced carcinogenesis, well-understood animal models are necessary. Inbred strains of the laboratory mouse, Mus musculus, present the most logical choice due to the high number of molecular and physiological similarities they share with humans. Their small size, high rate of breeding and fully sequenced genome further increase its value for use in cancer research. This chapter will review relevant m. musculus inbred and F1 hybrid animals of radiation-induced myeloid leukemia, thymic lymphoma, breast and lung cancers. Method of cancer induction and associated molecular pathologies will also be described for each model.