In vitro sensitivity of different populations of Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita to the nematicides Salibro™ and Vydate®
In vitro sensitivity of different populations of Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita to the nematicides Salibro™ and Vydate®
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DOI：
10.1163/15685411-00003282
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Tzortzakakis, Emmanuel A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thoden, Tim;Pardavella, Iro V.;Tzortzakakis, Emmanuel A.
Salibro™杀线虫剂是一种新的磺酰胺杀线虫剂，其含有由Corteva Agriscience™，Agriculture Division of DowDuPont生产的活性物质（作为）氟氮吲哚嗪（Reklemel™活性物质）。其生物化学作用模式目前尚不清楚，但在实验室研究中，它在1-50 ppm（as）浓度下反复对南方根结线虫和M. hapla第二阶段青少年（J2）（Lahm等人，Thoden & Wiles，2019）。在本文所述的实验室研究中，我们调查了来自五个M. javanica和M.来自希腊不同地区的Incognita对Salibro™的敏感性不同。从M. javanica和M.其中三个来自克里特岛，两个来自希腊大陆。这些群体在N. AG. RE. F（植物保护研究所，赫拉克利翁，克里特岛，希腊）。在每种线虫物种中，对于抗性番茄的Mi基因，存在三个毒性群体和两个非毒性群体（Tzortzakakis等人，1999年，2016年）。用镊子从根部收集来自不同种群的卵块，并在托盘中孵育（Whitehead & Hemming，1965）以获得新鲜孵化的J2。弃去24 h孵育期后收集的J2，并将随后48 h内孵化的J2用于生物测定。对于测试的第一部分（“水性测试”），将150-300 J2置于3.5-cm直径中。培养皿中，并暴露于5和50 ppm的Salibro™（500 SC）（作为Reklemel™活性物）、25 ppm的Vydate® 10 L（作为杀线威）的水溶液或蒸馏水，其用作未处理的对照。每次处理重复五次。在室温（25- 28 ℃）下孵育24和72小时后，在立体镜下观察每个培养皿50 J2，并将其分为三类：i.“正常”（显示良好的活动和正弦运动）; ii.“受影响”（活动减慢，伴有异常的身体弯曲）;或iii.“不动”（长时间伸展，不主动移动）（Thoden & Wiles，2019）。此后，对于测试的第二部分（“砂层测试”），使用20 μm孔径筛用自来水冲洗杀线虫剂预处理的J2，使其不含杀线虫剂残留物，并直接转移到直径为3.5 cm的小托盘中。里面有一厘米厚的纯沙子直径5厘米。将含有5 ml自来水的皮氏培养皿置于砂滤器下方，并在室温（25- 28 ℃）下孵育2天后进行检查，以计数能够穿过砂层的J2。这个数字被分成
Salibro™ nematicide is a novel sulfonamide nematicide containing the active substance (as) fluazaindolizine (Reklemel™ active) produced by Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont. Its biochemical mode of action is presently unknown but in laboratory studies it repeatedly caused adverse effects at concentrations from 1-50 ppm (as) on various fitness parameters (motility= activity in aqueous environment; mobility= targeted movement in soil environment; infectivity= ability to move to root and infect it) of Meloidogyne incognita and M. hapla second-stage juveniles (J2)(Lahm et al., 2017; Thoden & Wiles, 2019). In the laboratory study described herein, we investigated whether J2 from five populations of M. javanica and five populations of M. incognita from various areas of Greece differed in their sensitivity to Salibro™. From each of the five populations of M. javanica and five populations of M. incognita, three originated from Crete and two from mainland Greece. Those populations had been maintained in pot cultures with tomato plants for 4-23 years at the N. AG. RE. F (Plant Protection Institute, Heraklion, Crete, Greece) without any nematicide treatments. Within each nematode species there were three virulent and two non-virulent populations with respect to the Mi gene of resistant tomato (Tzortzakakis et al., 1999, 2016). Egg masses from the various populations were collected from roots with forceps and incubated in trays (Whitehead & Hemming, 1965) to obtain freshly hatched J2. J2 collected after 24 h incubation period were discarded and those hatching within the following 48 h were used for the bioassays. For the first part of the tests (‘aqueous test’), 150-300 J2 were placed in 3.5-cm diam. Petri dishes and exposed to aqueous solutions of Salibro™(500 SC) at 5 and 50 ppm (as of Reklemel™ active), Vydate® 10 L (as oxamyl) at 25 ppm (as) or distilled water, which served as non-treated control. Each treatment was replicated five times. After incubation for 24 and 72 h at room temperature (25-28oC), 50 J2 per dish were observed under a stereoscope and rated into three categories: i)‘normal’(showing good activity and sinusoidal movement); ii)‘affected’(slowed-down activity paired with abnormal body bending); or iii)‘immobile (long-stretched not moving actively)(Thoden & Wiles, 2019). Thereafter, for the second part of the tests (‘sand layer test’), the nematicide pre-treated J2 were rinsed free of nematicide residues with tap water using a 20-μm aperture sieve and directly transferred into a small tray of 3.5 cm diam. containing a 1-cm layer of pure sand. A 5-cm diam. Petri dish with 5 ml of tap water was put beneath the sand filter and was examined after 2 days of incubation at room temperature (25-28oC) to count the J2 that had been able to pass through the sand layer. This number was divided