Proximate perspectives on the evolution of female aggression: good for the gander, good for the goose?
Proximate perspectives on the evolution of female aggression: good for the gander, good for the goose?
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2013.0083
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发表时间：
2013-12
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Rosvall
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作者：
K. Rosvall
女性之间的攻击行为通常是在生殖或社会利益的竞争中发挥作用，但这种明显的适应性行为的直接机制尚不清楚。性类固醇激素睾酮 (T) 及其代谢物是公认的男性间攻击性调节剂，多项证据表明 T 介导的机制也可能适用于女性。然而，一个关键问题是，雌性攻击性机制是否主要反映了对雄性选择的相关进化反应，或者作用于雌性的直接选择是否对这些机制进行了修改，使其适应雌性生活史。在这里，我研究了雌性攻击性在 T 产生水平、靶组织对 T 的敏感性或下游基因组反应水平上介导的程度，以检验这样的假设：选择有利于促进雌性攻击性的机制，同时最大限度地降低系统性 T 升高的成本。我大量借鉴了鸟类系统，包括黑眼灯笼草（Junco hyemalis），以及这些机制已得到很好发挥的其他生物体。 从进化/生态学的角度对两性进行研究。研究结果表明，两性有许多共同的行为和荷尔蒙机制，尽管一些模式也表明了性别特异性的适应。我认为，更多地关注从激素到受体到基因网络的多个层次的分析，包括对代表进化变化原材料的个体变异的分析，将是理解行为调节和两性共同进化机制的一条富有成效的道路。
Female–female aggression often functions in competition over reproductive or social benefits, but the proximate mechanisms of this apparently adaptive behaviour are not well understood. The sex steroid hormone testosterone (T) and its metabolites are well-established mediators of male–male aggression, and several lines of evidence suggest that T-mediated mechanisms may apply to females as well. However, a key question is whether mechanisms of female aggression primarily reflect correlated evolutionary responses to selection acting on males, or whether direct selection acting on females has made modifications to these mechanisms that are adaptive in light of female life history. Here, I examine the degree to which female aggression is mediated at the level of T production, target tissue sensitivity to T, or downstream genomic responses in order to test the hypothesis that selection favours mechanisms that facilitate female aggression while minimizing the costs of systemically elevated T. I draw heavily from avian systems, including the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis), as well as other organisms in which these mechanisms have been well studied from an evolutionary/ecological perspective in both sexes. Findings reveal that the sexes share many behavioural and hormonal mechanisms, though several patterns also suggest sex-specific adaptation. I argue that greater attention to multiple levels of analysis—from hormone to receptor to gene network, including analyses of individual variation that represents the raw material of evolutionary change—will be a fruitful path for understanding mechanisms of behavioural regulation and intersexual coevolution.